Flood Mitigation in Mediterranean Coastal Regions: Problems, Solutions, and Stakeholder Involvement

Ciampa, Francesca; Seifollahi-Aghmiuni, Samaneh; Kalantari, Zahra; Ferreira, Carla Sofia Santos

doi:10.3390/su131810474

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…In fact, some authors have concluded that the Mediterranean region will become "too hot" for tourist comfort in the peak summer season by as early as the 2030s (Rutty and Scott, 2010). In addition, a permanent coastal flooding is expected due to the mean sea level rise in the Mediterranean (Agulles et al, 2021;Ciampa et al, 2021) which would reduce the beach resource. Water availability is also expected to be reduced in the coming decades which potentially could strongly affect the tourism activities which are responsible of a large part of water consumption in Mediterranean destinations (Garcia et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of loss of tourism attractiveness in the Western Mediterranean under climate change

2022

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The sun and sea tourism is key for economy of the southern European countries. This economic sector is expected to be severely affected by climate change due to the projected loss of beaches, loss of thermal comfort, water restrictions or extreme events, among other impacts. Thus, adaptation strategies need to be developed urgently. To do so, it is necessary to first conduct an assessment of the risk of loss of tourism attractiveness to guide the development of such strategies. Furthermore, uncertainties in the different factors are considered into the risk analysis. In this study we analyze the risk of loss of tourism attractiveness due to climate change in the Spanish Mediterranean destinations, in the Western Mediterranean, as a case study. To do so, the Vulnerability Sourcebook methodology is adopted and modified to incorporate the uncertainties in the different elements of the impact chains. The increase in heat stress and the loss of beach availability have been identified as the climate change induced hazards that will affect the most the region attractiveness. Also, the impact chains have been constructed and several climatic and socioeconomic indicators have been considered after a knowledge co-production process with selected stakeholders. The weights assigned to each indicator have been obtained from an analytic hierarchy process based on the results of a consultation with sector experts. The results of the impact chain operationalization have shown that exposure and vulnerability in all the touristic destinations in the region are very similar and that the hazard will largely increase in the next decades, specially under the future scenario SSP585 or the RCP8.5. However, the final risk does not seem to suffer a large increase because of the relatively small weight assigned to the hazard. In other words, the exposure (e.g., typology of the tourists and touristic activities) or the vulnerability (e.g., capacity to put in place adaptation strategies) would be more important than the projected change in the hazard (e.g., heat stress increase or beach reduction). The benefits and limitations of the methodology are discussed and some suggestions for the validation of the assessment are proposed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of loss of tourism attractiveness in the Western Mediterranean under climate change

2022

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“…Therefore, mitigation efforts are required to minimize the area affected by coastal inundation so that it can reduce the number of issues for coastal communities, such as loss of property or damages to infrastructures. Some reports identified flood mitigation solutions in Southern Europe, such as coastal barriers, dams, drainage systems, and mechanical wetlands [16]. There is an example in other cities like Ternate City where embankments in the coastline have been done to control coastal flooding there [17].…”

Section: Inundation Prediction In 2023 and 2050mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea level rise implication on small islands in Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta

Pasaribu,

Ratna Suhita,

Gumilar

et al. 2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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The phenomenon of sea level rise is caused by global warming, which impacts inundation in coastal areas, especially on small islands. The coastal area of small islands is very vulnerable to the impact of sea level rise, including Lancang Island (covers Lancang Besar and Lancang Kecil Island), Tidung Kecil Island, and Pramuka Island, which is part of small islands in Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta. Sea level rise will become a problem if the seawater reaches land and causes environmental damage in coastal areas. Therefore, this study aims to create a vulnerability map for all those small islands due to coastal inundation using GIS technology. Analysis of areas affected by coastal inundation is carried out by processing DTM data derived from drone data. Based on 29 years of sea level rise data with the highest tide model, coastal inundation in 2050 is predicted to occur on all those small islands in Kepulauan Seribu and can be appropriately modelled. The results show that the affected areas on Tidung Kecil Island, Lancang Island, and Pramuka Island sequentially were 6.06 ha, 7.41 ha, and 3.47 ha. Some areas affected by coastal inundation on the three islands generally include dock and resident areas, empty land, vegetation, mangroves, forest, and road access. Mitigation efforts that can be carried out to reduce the impact of sea level rise in coastal areas include building embankments on the shoreline, dams, drainage systems, and mechanical wetlands, which must be optimized by increasing public awareness of coastal flooding.

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“…This lack of engagement of experts appears to be the main problem in flood management in many countries. Ciampa et al, (2021) found that although flood mitigation in Mediterranean coastal regions should be performed closely with stakeholders, current involvement at the level of coordination or decision-making does not allow the full integration of local knowledge into flood mitigation projects [47]. Weng Chan (2012) also said that participation is required, especially from non-governmental organizations (NGOs) at all levels in the disaster cycle [48].…”

Section: Assessment Of Weaknesses Of Thailand's Mfrrsp and Recommendations For Strengthening Based On International Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trend Analysis of Mainstreaming Flood Risk Reduction into Spatial Planning in Thailand

et al. 2022

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Mainstreaming flood risk reduction into spatial planning (MFRRSP) recognizes the urgent need for sustainable human settlement planning. Despite official recognition of MFRRSP in Thailand, repetitive damage from floods demonstrates gaps in concept and implementation. This paper examines the transition and challenges of flood risk reduction (FRR) practices in the spatial planning (SP) of the Bangkok and Sing Buri provinces of Thailand. Content analysis through computer-aided qualitative data analysis software (CAQDS) and in-depth interviews provide the evidence for the study. Twenty-two codes under seven assessments were extracted from the MFRRSP guidelines of international organizations. It was found that FRR was more mainstream in Thailand’s SP. The code in the next Sing Buri and Bangkok Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) was mentioned in 202.06% and 112.70% of the existing CLUP. The assessment area that deserves more attention is FRR preparedness and stakeholder participation, which only 0.011% and 0.035% mention. Two implementation problems are identified. Firstly, no emergency management deals with using land-use management methods. Secondly, FRR regulations limiting the type, density, and design have been reduced, as seen in the next draft of Bangkok CLUP that reduces the floodway in specific districts to be a residential land type. This specific study for Thailand shows how the method can be used in any local context for any country to understand how official planning documents evolve and adapt to disaster preparedness.

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Flood Mitigation in Mediterranean Coastal Regions: Problems, Solutions, and Stakeholder Involvement

Cited by 24 publications

References 86 publications

Risk of loss of tourism attractiveness in the Western Mediterranean under climate change

Risk of loss of tourism attractiveness in the Western Mediterranean under climate change

Sea level rise implication on small islands in Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta

Trend Analysis of Mainstreaming Flood Risk Reduction into Spatial Planning in Thailand

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