Flood Recovery Outcomes and Disaster Assistance Barriers for Vulnerable Populations

Wilson, Bradley; Tate, Eric; Emrich, Christopher T.

doi:10.3389/frwa.2021.752307

Cited by 33 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(95 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…This makes these communities, especially the marginalized Musahar and Mallah more susceptible to flooding and hence more vulnerable to flood risk and loss of livelihood. In the event of extreme rainfall and flooding, the marginal communities are the ones affected the most and take years to recover from it (Wilson et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flood frequency and flood intensity changes in the post embankment period in the Kosi sub-basin India: Impact of location, caste, and class on the flood vulnerability of the marginal communities

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The overall precipitation in the state of Bihar, India is showing a decreasing trend both annually and seasonally, and yet extreme flood events are on the rise. The Kosi river embankments built to safeguard communities against flood risk are a product of socio-political and historical events in the past, but have resulted in differential impacts on those living inside and outside these embankments. The geomorphology of the river Kosi also makes it highly susceptible to recurring floods because it forms one of the largest inland deltas in North Bihar. Flood protection structures such as embankments exacerbate the magnitude of floods by jacketing the heavy sediment load and thus raising the riverbeds and exacerbating the intensity and duration of floods. Our paper employs an interdisciplinary approach to analysing both the biophysical and socio-institutional causalities of increasing flood events. From the quantitative analysis of rainfall data, we find that the daily, as well as monthly rainfall alone are not responsible for extreme flood events. The extreme rainfall events in the summer monsoon also do not increase the odds of flooding. Therefore, we conclude that precipitation alone is not the main factor affecting community's vulnerabilities but, a combination of socio-institutional factors including spatial location with respect to the embankment, class and caste of these communities. Our statistical analysis correlating daily and monthly gridded rainfall to the occurrences of flooding at the district level suggest that there are fewer flood events in the presence of the embankments across all years. However, primary data from household interviews and field observations confirm that the frequency and intensity of floods have increased in the post-embankment period. We found that the breaching of the river embankments is one of the major factors responsible for floods outside of the embankments. Kosi's marginalized communities perceive that they have become more vulnerable to flood risk in the post-embankment period with a declining standard of living in the Kosi villages caused by lack of proper roads, economic opportunities, educational institutions, public utilities and healthcare facilities, especially in areas with embankments.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flood frequency and flood intensity changes in the post embankment period in the Kosi sub-basin India: Impact of location, caste, and class on the flood vulnerability of the marginal communities

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Mortgage default can have a substantial effect on the financial standing of a property owner, impacting both their ability to recover from a flood event and their overall psychological and physical wellbeing (Alley et al., 2011; Vásquez‐Vera et al., 2017). Moreover, property owners at risk of default and/or abandonment may be the least able to mitigate their personal financial risk through strategies such as purchase of flood insurance (Atreya et al., 2015; Brody et al., 2016; Kousky, 2011) or may be unable to access or qualify for SBA loans (Wilson et al., 2021). In these cases, property owners retain negative consequences of the flood, which may include living in a damaged home, or absorbing losses of equity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic Financial Risk Arising From Residential Flood Losses

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Mortgage default can have a substantial effect on the financial standing of a property owner, impacting both their ability to recover from a flood event and their overall psychological and physical wellbeing (Alley et al, 2011;Vásquez-Vera et al, 2017). Moreover, property owners at risk of default and/or abandonment may be the least able to mitigate their personal financial risk through strategies such as purchase of flood insurance (Atreya et al, 2015;Brody et al, 2016; or may be unable to access or qualify for SBA loans (Wilson et al, 2021). In these cases, property owners retain negative consequences of the flood, which may include living in a damaged home, or absorbing losses of equity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic Financial Risk Arising from Residential Flood Losses

Thomson

Zeff

Kleiman

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Flood impacts to residential properties threaten the resilience of communities and the institutions that support them. These events can cause negative impacts to property-level balance sheets through uninsured damage and property value decreases, which in turn can increase the likelihood of mortgage default and property abandonment. To date, there have been limited attempts to quantify the magnitude and distribution of additional financial consequences that could arise from these processes following flood events. In this work, property-scale financial data, including property sales, mortgage originations, and insurance claims, are used within an analytical framework to quantify flood-related uninsured damages and property value decrease in order to estimate the financial risk that property owners, mortgage lenders, and local governments are exposed to via recovery decisions (i.e., default and/or abandonment). This framework is applied to residential properties in eastern North Carolina following Hurricane Florence (2018). Within the study area, Hurricane Florence generated $366M in observed insured losses and we estimate an additional $1.77B in balance sheet losses (i.e., uninsured damage and property value decrease). In addition, property owners, mortgage lenders, and local governments were exposed to an estimated $562M of risk from the increased likelihood of mortgage default and property abandonment. Areas with lower pre-event property values and lower rates of insurance purchase experienced significantly higher risk of mortgage default and abandonment. The method described provides more highly resolved estimates of how floods can drive systemic financial risk, information that can be useful in developing improved flood resilience strategies.

show abstract

Flood Recovery Outcomes and Disaster Assistance Barriers for Vulnerable Populations

Cited by 33 publications

References 51 publications

Flood frequency and flood intensity changes in the post embankment period in the Kosi sub-basin India: Impact of location, caste, and class on the flood vulnerability of the marginal communities

Flood frequency and flood intensity changes in the post embankment period in the Kosi sub-basin India: Impact of location, caste, and class on the flood vulnerability of the marginal communities

Systemic Financial Risk Arising From Residential Flood Losses

Systemic Financial Risk Arising from Residential Flood Losses

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About