Flood Risk Assessment: A Review of Flood Damage Estimation Model for Malaysia

Abstract

Flood damage assessment is important in flood risk management for the assessment of flood vulnerability, development of flood risk map and flood management financial appraisal. In Malaysia, there is a lack of studies on flood damages estimation. In addition, the needed data for the assessment of flood damages is scarce. This review identified the approaches and problems in flood damage assessment. For Malaysia, the combination of four elements namely; flood characteristics (flood depth and flood duration), characteristic of exposed elements, value of exposed element and flood damage function curve are recommended. The scarcity of data for developing flood damage curve could partly be overcome by applying synthetic method to generate additional data from the existing flood damage data.

Flood Damage Function Model for Residential area in Kuantan: A Preliminary Study

“…Building and contents damage, infrastructure damage, and livestock damage are the examples of tangible damage. In contrast, loss of life and psychological distress can be related to intangible damage where the damages cannot be directly measured in monetary terms [5]. The tangible and intangible damage can be further divided into two sub types i.e.…”

“…In Malaysia, the academic papers on flood vulnerability assessment are sparse, with only limited studies related to damage estimation [25], ]26], ]29], [30]. Moreover, most of the studies adopted methodology from other countries where the flood damage function curve used is from United States, Netherlands, Australia and Japan [5]. The usage of sitespecific damage function curve is important to reflects the local condition of a study area, thus provided a reliable damage estimates.…”

“…Flood hazard assesses the flood extent and magnitude which is normally illustrated in flood inundation maps or flood extent maps. Flood vulnerability assesses the potential impacts of flood to the exposed elements such as human being, community, properties and environment [5]. Expected annual damage (EAD) is a common indicator for vulnerability assessment [6], presented as a combination of flood probability and its potential damage [7].…”

“…Flood damage estimation is the important element in flood vulnerability assessment. The damage estimates are useful in the development of flood risk mapping, risk analysis and financial appraisal, and the evaluation of flood mitigation measures [5]. Flood damage may be evaluated directly from existing database or by using modeling approach.…”

An Indicator-Based Approach for Micro-Scale Physical Flood Vulnerability Mapping

“…Exposure is the predisposition of a system to be disrupted by a flood event due to its location in the same area of influence (UNESCO-IHE, 2012). It refers to the presence of people, livelihoods, environmental services and resources, infrastructure or economic, social or cultural assets in places that could be adversely affected (Romali et al, 2018). Vulnerability refers to the inability of the expose element to withstand the effects of hazards, in this case, flood (Ciurean et al, 2013).…”