Floods in the Upper Part of Vistula and Odra River Basins in the 19^th and 20^th Centuries / Powodzie W Górnej Części Dorzeczy Wisły I Odry W XIX I XX Wieku

Abstract

Abstract:The discussion of floods in this paper covers the section of the Odra River basin from its source down to the mouth of the Nysa Klodzka River and the section of the Vistula River basin down to the Krakow profile. The area of the upper part of Odra River basin is 13,455 km 2 and the length of the river bed in this section is ca. 273.0 km. In the reach examined, the Vistula River is 184.8 km long and has a catchment area of approximately 8,101 km 2 . Geographical and environmental conditions in the upper part of the Vistula and Odra Rivers basins are conducive to floods both in the summer and winter seasons. The analyses conducted for the 19 th and 20 th centuries demonstrate that two main types of floods can be distinguished. Floods with a single flood wave peak occurred in the following years in the upper Odra River basin: 1813, 1831, 1879, 1889, 1890 and 1896, and on the Vistula River they were recorded in 1805, 1813, 1816, 1818, 1826, 1830, 1834, 1844 and 1845. In the 20 th century, similar phenomena were recorded on the Odra River in 1903, 1909, 1911, 1915, 1925, 1960, 1970 and 1985, and on the Vistula River they occurred in 1903, 1908, 1925, 1931, 1934, 1939, 1948, 1951, 1970, 1972, 1991, 1996, 1997 and 1999. The second category includes floods with two, three or more flood wave peaks. These are caused by successive episodes of high rainfall separated by dry periods that last for a few days, a fortnight or even several weeks.

Water Retention Problem in the Mountain Areas: a Case of Sola River Flows, Polish Carpathians

“…As anticipated, the Sola flows featured a very broad range -from tenth parts of m 3 /s to a few hundred and more m 3 A clear double growth within a year is visible in a monthly distribution of flows from the whole long period ( Figure 5). The first rise occurs in spring (March-April) and is undoubtedly related to snow melting.…”

Alien freshwater polychaetesHypania invalida(Grube 1860) andLaonome calidaCapa 2007 in the Upper Odra River (Baltic Sea catchment area)

“…This dispersion route seems to be doubtful, however, as there are still no published or unpublished records of H. invalida from the Vistula River. On the other hand, it is probably only a matter of time when the species will spread from the Odra to the Vistula as a result of passive drifting during floods occurring in the upper reaches of both rivers (Czaja et al, 2014). Currently, H. invalida and L. calida were present at the sampling sites at low abundances (although our data are not quantitative), which might support the accidental introduction scenario.…”

Mill pond sediments as the indicator of the environment of the drainage area (an example of Liswarta River, Odra basin, Poland)

“…During the catastrophic flood of 1997, a flow rate of 116 m 3 /s was recorded. There are fish ponds and small water bodies used for recreational purposes in the upper part of the catchment (Fajer et al 2012 ; Czaja et al 2014 ).…”