Flora of the Galapagos Islands

Weber, William A.; Wiggins, Ira L.; Porter, Duncan M.

doi:10.2307/3241544

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…In addition to the genetically controlled morphological and chemical variability, some of the observed variability in the specimens of Roccella galapagoensis may also be the result of environmental stress inflicted on individuals by abnormal weather conditions during climatically extreme El Niño years (Tehler, 2007). Lichen fungi along with numerous other organisms of the Galapagos regularly suffer from these catastrophic climatic events (Weber & Beck, 1985;Weber, 1986). Species in the predominantly maritime lichen-fungi family Roccellaceae are adapted to the coastal habitat and therefore must have evolved some intrinsic physiological properties (Tehler, 1983(Tehler, , 1990 to benefit from the salts and minerals brought in by the ocean mists.…”

Section: Species Concepts and Polymorphic Species -mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution and reproduction modes in the Roccella galapagoensis aggregate (Roccellaceae, Arthoniales)

Tehler

Irestedt

Bungartz

et al. 2009

TAXON

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The “species pair” concept obscures both intra‐ and interspecific relationships and should be abandoned, evolutionarily and taxonomically. Based on our molecular phylogenetic work on the genus Roccella we are able to show for the first time that sexually and vegetatively dispersed entities in an anticipated “species pair” (Roccella galapagoensis/R. lirellina) actually form several distinct monophyletic genotypes, here interpreted as species in which sexual reproduction has been repeatedly evolved. The species accepted here are based on a phylogenetic hypothesis supported by data from the ITS rDNA region and an unidentified locus possibly related to calmodulin. Altogether 89 sequences from both loci were newly produced and used in phylogenetic analyses. The Roccella galapagoensis aggregate was resolved as monophyletic. The sister group includes Roccella decipiens (sexual) and R. gracilis (asexual). Based on the present data it is equally parsimonious to suggest a sorediate or a fertile ancestor to the Roccella galapagoensis aggregate. The ancestor must have arrived in the Galapagos Islands through long distance dispersal and have included the ability to reproduce both sexually with ascospores and asexually with soredia. Taxonomy, nomenclature and phylogeny are provided for five American Roccella species in the Roccella galapagoensis aggregate with geographical focus on the Galapagos Islands. One species is obligatory sexual, one is obligatory asexual and three species are facultative sexual/asexual. Roccella albida Tehler is newly described. Roccella canariensis is united with R. tinctoria.

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Section: Species Concepts and Polymorphic Species -mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution and reproduction modes in the Roccella galapagoensis aggregate (Roccellaceae, Arthoniales)

Tehler

Irestedt

Bungartz

et al. 2009

TAXON

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“…Most noteworthy are several endemic genera of the family Asteraceae. A recent flora listed 196 species of lichens (Weber 1986), but numbers of bryophytes have only been estimated (Weber et al 1977).…”

Section: Figure 1 Map Of Galapagos Islane Showing Locations Of Permamentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Introduced Plants and Animals on Island Vegetation: Examples from Galápagos Archipelago

Schofield

1989

Conservation Biology

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Island ecosystems are particularly vulnerable to biological invasions. Since the early 1800s, humans have introduced to the GaIapagosIslands animals andplants that threaten the native vegetation Goats are the most abundant and destructive feral animals. Endemic members of the Cactaceae and Asteraceae have been reduced drastically. A control program has completely eradicated goats on several islands, where vegetation has returned but sometimes the species composition diyfers from the original. Hunting continues on Santiago, where 80,000 goats exist, and fenced quudrats protect some native plants. Cattle damage vegetation, particularly the endemic sbrub, Miconia robinsoniana, by trampling and grazing. Ranchers on several islands have been urged to fence in cattle. Wild pigs dig up and eat the roots of tuoodyplants and some rare orchids. Donkeys trample and eat grasses and shrubs. Control of pigs has started; there is no control of donkeys. Between 20 and50 introduced

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“…The record by Weber (1986) of Chiodecton effusum is even more confusing and a revision of the COLO specimens confirmed that this material was not Cryptothecia darwiniana. Instead most specimens of C. effusum in COLO are misidentifications of Sclerophyton murex Egea & Torrente ex Sparrius, and one specimen is Syncesia graphica (Fries) Tehler.…”

Section: Mycobank No 804737mentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Weber's classical checklists (Weber 1986, Weber 1993, Weber & Beck 1985, Weber & Gradstein 1984, Weber et al 1977) mention only two: Herpothallon rubrocinctum (as H. sanguineum) and Chiodecton effusum Fée (a record based on misidentifications of Sclerophyton murex and Cryptothecia darwiniana). Weber's classical checklists (Weber 1986, Weber 1993, Weber & Beck 1985, Weber & Gradstein 1984, Weber et al 1977) mention only two: Herpothallon rubrocinctum (as H. sanguineum) and Chiodecton effusum Fée (a record based on misidentifications of Sclerophyton murex and Cryptothecia darwiniana).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The lichen genera Cryptothecia, Herpothallon and Helminthocarpon (Arthoniales) in the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador

2013

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As part of a comprehensive biodiversity inventory of Galapagos lichens, all species in two closely related genera, Cryptothecia and Herpothallon, are reviewed. Both genera are superficially similar, ecorticate, cottony-byssoid crusts and are unusual insofar as their asci do not develop in distinct ascomata, but instead within ascigerous areas or even solitary inside pseudisidia. Species of Herpothallon typically have an I--medulla and are covered in ecorticate pseudisidia; only a single species is known fertile. Cryptothecia is characterized by ascigerous areas with loosely aggregated asci. In some species the asci are isolated, but others have closely aggregated asci embedded in a hyphal matrix with some carbonization, perhaps indicating preliminary stages towards a development of true ascomata. Lirellate ascomata of the enigmatic, monotypic Helminthocarpon leprevostii show similarity with these ascigerous areas, especially of C. darwiniana and C. galapagoana, two species newly described here. Both also have similar asci and ascospores. As previously suggested, Helminthocarpon should thus not be included in Graphidaceae, but it belongs in Arthoniales, possibly in Arthoniaceae or Opegraphaceae. A key to all species and brief descriptions are provided. Two of the three Cryptothecia species and two of the seven Herpothallon species reported here are new to science. All records apart from Herpothallon rubrocinctum are new to Galapagos and Ecuador.

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Flora of the Galapagos Islands

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Evolution and reproduction modes in the Roccella galapagoensis aggregate (Roccellaceae, Arthoniales)

Evolution and reproduction modes in the Roccella galapagoensis aggregate (Roccellaceae, Arthoniales)

Effects of Introduced Plants and Animals on Island Vegetation: Examples from Galápagos Archipelago

The lichen genera Cryptothecia, Herpothallon and Helminthocarpon (Arthoniales) in the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador

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