Flora vascular da Reserva Biológica da Represa do Grama, Minas Gerais, e sua relação florística com outras florestas do sudeste brasileiro

Abstract

ResumoEste trabalho apresenta o levantamento florístico das plantas vasculares da Reserva Biológica da Represa do Grama, um remanescente de floresta estacional semidecidual do Domínio Atlântico, situado no município de Descoberto, Minas Gerais. Foram realizadas coletas quinzenais de material fértil entre agosto de 1999 e dezembro de 2004. Além do levantamento, fez-se a comparação da composição florística através de análises multivariadas de agrupamento com outras nove áreas (3 de floresta estacional e 6 de ombrófila), cujos levantamentos florísticos de angiospermas tiveram abordagem semelhante. Cada análise foi processada para o conjunto total das espécies e para oito hábitos: árvores (incluindo arvoretas), arbustos, trepadeiras (lenhosas e herbáceas), ervas terrícolas, ervas saxícolas, epífitas, hemiepífitas e parasitas. Na ReBio do Grama foram registradas 644 espécies de angiospermas, distribuídas em 370 gêneros e 100 famílias. Licófitas e samambaias estão representadas por 64 espécies, distribuídas em 37 gêneros e 16 famílias. Seis espécies de angiospermas foram descritas como novas para a ciência. Fabaceae (55 spp.) foi a família com maior riqueza específica, seguida de Rubiaceae (50 spp.), Melastomataceae (28 spp.), Bignoniaceae e Orchidaceae (27 spp. cada) e Myrtaceae (25 spp.). As análises multivariadas sugeriram que os gradientes longitudinais, latitudinais e altitudinais interferem de formas distintas sobre os padrões de riqueza dos diferentes hábitos. O número reduzido de espécies compartilhadas entre as áreas, associado com alta riqueza regionalizada de alguns hábitos demonstra a importância da conservação de fragmentos nas diferentes regiões geográficas da Floresta Atlântica como estratégia para maximizar a conservação da diversidade existente neste domínio fitogeográfico. Palavras-chave: composição florística, Mata Atlântica, Zona da Mata. AbstractThe vascular plants survey of a remnant of semideciduous seasonal forest in the Atlantic Forest Biome was carried out in the ReBio do Grama, municipality of Descoberto, Minas Gerais, through forthnightly trips to collect fertile specimens between August 1999 and December 2004. The angiosperms included 644 species distributed in 370 genera and 100 families, including 6 species new to science, while the lycophytes and ferns included 64 species in 37 genera and 16 families. Fabaceae (55 spp.) was the family with the highest number of species, followed by Rubiaceae (50 spp.), Melastomataceae (28 spp.), Bignoniaceae and Orchidaceae (27 spp. each) and Myrtaceae (25 spp.). Once the survey was concluded, a comparison between it and the floristic composition of other nine areas (3 of seasonal and 6 of dense ombrophilous forest) was performed through multivariate analysis. These 9 sites were chosen as their surveys also included all angiosperm habits rather Flora vascular da Reserva Biológica da Represa do Grama, Minas Gerais, e sua relação florística com outras florestas do sudeste brasileiro IntroduçãoA despeito da grande perda de sua cobertura vegetal, a Florest...

Floristic patterns of epiphytes in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, a biodiversity hotspot

“…Furthermore, it appears that dispersal limits can be a determining factor for the distribution of this group in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, where closer areas show higher similarity, even when under environmental conditions showing discrepancy. This may be related to the capacity of the family to adapt to different habitats, exemplified by the ability to occupy different forest layers, where the same species can be found epiphytically, terricolously and rupicolously (Benzing, ; Forzza et al ., ). Meanwhile, for Piperaceae, floristic composition shows a stronger relation to environmental conditions.…”

“…This result was also found by Forzza et al . (), in a comparison between epiphytes from some areas of Atlantic Forest, in which 24 of the 41 registered species were shared between SSF and DEF. Concerning the woody component, SSF is also composed of DEF species more adapted to seasonality (Oliveira‐Filho & Fontes, ).…”

Diversity, vertical structure and floristic relationships of vascular epiphytes in an urban remnant of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

“…Group A was composed of two areas whose distance to the ocean varied from 60 km ("spcuaso") to 165 km ("mgrbrg"), isolating it from group B (whose area with the closest proximity to the ocean was about 250 km away from it), located in the transition with the Cerrado. Forzza et al (2014) found a similar gradient when comparing the vascular flora of the Reserva Biológica da Represa do Grama ("mgrbrg") with nine other areas of the southeastern region of Brazil, with strong segregation between littoral and inland areas.…”

“…Although the areas of Minas Gerais are composed of SSF, the influence of dense ombrophilous forest has been noted by Barbosa et al (2014) in "mgfs" and by Forzza et al (2014) in "mgrbrg". Pifano et al (2007) also noticed such influence on the composition of the phanerogamic flora of Morro do Imperador, an area about 4 km from MK, and stated that milder temperatures of the region and geographic proximity to the littoral could be responsible for this relationship.…”

Serra do Urubu, a biodiversity hot-spot for angiosperms in the northern Atlantic Forest (Pernambuco, Brazil)

“…Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae especially noteworthy for their high richness and endemism. Local floristic surveys along the Atlantic Forest demonstrate that these families figure among the richest in distinct areas of this domain, but in different proportions depending on, for example, altitude, latitude, and vegetation type (Barros et al 1991;Alves-Araújo et al 2008;Amorim et al 2008Amorim et al , 2009Scheer and Kinoshita 2009;Coelho and Amorim 2014;Forzza et al 2014;Landim et al 2015).…”