Floral and Faunal Species Diversity and Abundance of Aphid Predators in Ecological Apple Orchards

Kienzle, Jörg; Zebitz, C. P. W.; Brass, S.

doi:10.1080/01448765.1997.9755198

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…As a consequence, the predatory, but also pollen-feeding mites ( Amblyseius tsugawai Ehara and Typhlodromus vulgaris Ehara) were more frequent in unmown plots, both in the understory and on apple leaves, and reduction of spider mites was recorded here [26,27]. Higher arthropod species diversity and abundance (including spiders and tortricid moths of secondary importance) on apple trees in not or less mulched orchards in comparison with frequently mulched plantations were observed in Southwestern Germany [28,29]. Plant diversity was higher and weed strips sown with a few species ( Raphanus sativus L., Sinapis arvensis L., Coriandrum sativum L.) in two orchards also had a high diversity of natural weeds.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…In general, floral diversity was higher in spring and decreased during summer. Sown species could compensate for the lack of flowering plants in the spontaneous vegetation [28]. More spiders in the tree canopy and increased densities of predators and parasitoids in the groundcover were found in a study in a (pear) orchard in the United States [30].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Managing Floral Resources in Apple Orchards for Pest Control: Ideas, Experiences and Future Directions

Herz

Cahenzli

Penvern

et al. 2019

Insects

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Functional biodiversity is of fundamental importance for pest control. Many natural enemies rely on floral resources to complete their life cycle. Farmers need to ensure the availability of suitable and sufficient floral biodiversity. This review summarizes 66 studies on the management of floral biodiversity in apple orchards, published since 1986. Approaches followed different degrees of intervention: short-term practices (mowing regime and weed maintenance, cover crops), establishment of durable ecological infrastructures (perennial flower strips, hedgerows) and re-design of the crop system (intercropping, agroforestry). Although short-term practices did not always target the nutrition of natural enemies by flowering plants, living conditions for them (alternative prey, provision of habitat) were often improved. Perennial flower strips reliably enhanced natural enemies and techniques for their introduction continuously developed. Resident natural enemies and their impact in pest control reacted positively to the introduction of a more diversified vegetation, whereas the response of very mobile organisms was often not directly linked to the measures taken. A careful selection and management of plants with particular traits exploitable by most natural enemies emerged as a key-point for success. Now the elaborated design of such measures needs to be adopted by stakeholders and policy makers to encourage farmers to implement these measures in their orchards.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing Floral Resources in Apple Orchards for Pest Control: Ideas, Experiences and Future Directions

Herz

Cahenzli

Penvern

et al. 2019

Insects

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Flowering plant patches to support the conservation of natural enemies of pests in apple orchards

Barda,

Karamaouna,

Kati

et al. 2025

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

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Abundance of Different Tortricid Species and Their Parasitoid Antagonists in Ecological Apple Orchards in Southern Germany

Kienzle

Zebitz

Brass

et al. 1997

Biological Agriculture & Horticulture

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The population dynamics of tortricid pests and their parasitoids and the impact of vegetation management in the orchard by mulching, on both the pests and the parasitoids, was investigated in eight ecological apple orchards in two regions of Southern Germany. Differences in pest and parasitoid abundance and species composition could be shown between the regions and the single orchards. Extensive mulching regimes seemed to enhance diversity of leafroller species whereas Adoxophyes orana F.v.R., the most dangerous leafroller species in this region, was less abundant in those orchards. Most important parasitoids of A. orana were Teleutaea striata Grav., Pseudoperichaeta nigrolineata Wlk and Colpoclypeus jlorus Wlk. The last species occurred only on the summer generation and in autumn on the overwintering larvae.Polyphagous parasitoids such as Cotesia xanthostigma Hal. or Meteorus ictericus Nees were found on A. orana in the orchards with high abundance of this species, and on other species in the orchards with low abundance of this species and higher abundance of other species. Thus, the leafroller species of minor economic importance, such as Rhopobota naevana Huebner and the gelechiid species, Recurvaria leucatella Clerck, may constitute a parasitoid reservoir for A. orana. This may be one of the reasons for the lower abundance of A. orana in extensively mulched orchards.

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Floral and Faunal Species Diversity and Abundance of Aphid Predators in Ecological Apple Orchards

Cited by 6 publications

References 1 publication

Managing Floral Resources in Apple Orchards for Pest Control: Ideas, Experiences and Future Directions

Managing Floral Resources in Apple Orchards for Pest Control: Ideas, Experiences and Future Directions

Flowering plant patches to support the conservation of natural enemies of pests in apple orchards

Abundance of Different Tortricid Species and Their Parasitoid Antagonists in Ecological Apple Orchards in Southern Germany

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