Floral Color, Anthocyanin Synthesis Gene Expression and Control in Cape Erica Species

Maitre, Nicholas C Le; Pirie, Michael D.; Bellstedt, Dirk U.

doi:10.3389/fpls.2019.01565

Cited by 8 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…4 c). As an important step in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway, DFR is associated with anthocyanin colouration in flowers, such as Freesia hybrida [ 54 ], Andean genus Iochroma (Solanaceae) [ 55 ] and Cape Erica species [ 56 ]. In the present study, four DFR genes were identified and increased from WF_Pe to YF_Pe.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated metabolic profiling and transcriptome analysis of pigment accumulation in Lonicera japonica flower petals during colour-transition

et al. 2021

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Background Plants have remarkable diversity in petal colour through the biosynthesis and accumulation of various pigments. To better understand the mechanisms regulating petal pigmentation in Lonicera japonica, we used multiple approaches to investigate the changes in carotenoids, anthocyanins, endogenous hormones and gene expression dynamics during petal colour transitions, i.e., green bud petals (GB_Pe), white flower petals (WF_Pe) and yellow flower petals (YF_Pe). Results Metabolome analysis showed that YF_Pe contained a much higher content of carotenoids than GB_Pe and WF_Pe, with α-carotene, zeaxanthin, violaxanthin and γ-carotene identified as the major carotenoid compounds in YF_Pe. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that the key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in carotenoid biosynthesis, such as phytoene synthase, phytoene desaturase and ζ-carotene desaturase, were significantly upregulated in YF_Pe. The results indicated that upregulated carotenoid concentrations and carotenoid biosynthesis-related genes predominantly promote colour transition. Meanwhile, two anthocyanins (pelargonidin and cyanidin) were significantly increased in YF_Pe, and the expression level of an anthocyanidin synthase gene was significantly upregulated, suggesting that anthocyanins may contribute to vivid yellow colour in YF_Pe. Furthermore, analyses of changes in indoleacetic acid, zeatin riboside, gibberellic acid, brassinosteroid (BR), methyl jasmonate and abscisic acid (ABA) levels indicated that colour transitions are regulated by endogenous hormones. The DEGs involved in the auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin, BR, jasmonic acid and ABA signalling pathways were enriched and associated with petal colour transitions. Conclusion Our results provide global insight into the pigment accumulation and the regulatory mechanisms underlying petal colour transitions during the flower development process in L. japonica.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated metabolic profiling and transcriptome analysis of pigment accumulation in Lonicera japonica flower petals during colour-transition

et al. 2021

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“…In theory, the transition from pigmented to white flowers could involve any mutations that block one or more steps in the anthocyanin pathway. This includes loss-of-function mutations in any pathway enzyme-coding genes, as well as the cis-regulatory genes that influence any of the pathway enzymes [34,35]. In our study, expression analysis identified several obvious differentially expressed genes in the petal which were down-regulated in white samples compared to pigmented samples, but metabolite detection found that Cy-and Del-derivatives existed in both white petals and pigmented petals, indicating that the color variations, especially the white petals, do not lacking any steps of the anthocyanin pathway.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Transcriptomics Provides Insight into Floral Color Polymorphism in a Pleione limprichtii Orchid Population

Zhang

Zhou²,

Dai

et al. 2019

IJMS

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Floral color polymorphism can provide great insight into species evolution from a genetic and ecological standpoint. Color variations between species are often mediated by pollinators and are fixed characteristics, indicating their relevance to adaptive evolution, especially between plants within a single population or between similar species. The orchid genus Pleione has a wide variety of flower colors, from violet, rose-purple, pink, to white, but their color formation and its evolutionary mechanism are unclear. Here, we selected the P. limprichtii population in Huanglong, Sichuan Province, China, which displayed three color variations: Rose-purple, pink, and white, providing ideal material for exploring color variations with regard to species evolution. We investigated the distribution pattern of the different color morphs. The ratio of rose-purple:pink:white-flowered individuals was close to 6:3:1. We inferred that the distribution pattern may serve as a reproductive strategy to maintain the population size. Metabolome analysis was used to reveal that cyanindin derivatives and delphidin are the main color pigments involved. RNA sequencing was used to characterize anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway-related genes and reveal different color formation pathways and transcription factors in order to identify differentially-expressed genes and explore their relationship with color formation. In addition, qRT-PCR was used to validate the expression patterns of some of the genes. The results show that PlFLS serves as a crucial gene that contributes to white color formation and that PlANS and PlUFGT are related to the accumulation of anthocyanin which is responsible for color intensity, especially in pigmented flowers. Phylogenetic and co-expression analyses also identified a R2R3-MYB gene PlMYB10, which is predicted to combine with PlbHLH20 or PlbHLH26 along with PlWD40-1 to form an MBW protein complex (MYB, bHLH, and WDR) that regulates PlFLS expression and may serve as a repressor of anthocyanin accumulation-controlled color variations. Our results not only explain the molecular mechanism of color variation in P. limprichtii, but also contribute to the exploration of a flower color evolutionary model in Pleione, as well as other flowering plants.

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“…4c). As an important step in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway, DFR is associated with anthocyanin colouration in owers, such as Freesia hybrida [52], Andean genus Iochroma (Solanaceae) [53] and Cape Erica species [54]. In the present study, four DFR genes were identi ed and increased from WF_Pe to YF_Pe.…”

Section: Pigment Accumulation and Metabolism-related Genesmentioning

confidence: 49%

Integrated metabolic profiling and transcriptome analysis of pigment accumulation in Lonicera japonica flower petals during colour-transition

Xia

Chen

Xiang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Plants have remarkable diversity in petal colour through the biosynthesis and accumulation of various pigments. To better understand the mechanisms regulating petal pigmentation in Lonicera japonica, we used multiple approaches to investigate the changes in carotenoids, anthocyanins, endogenous hormones and gene expression dynamics during petal colour transitions, i.e., green bud petals (GB_Pe), white flower petals (WF_Pe) and yellow flower petals (YF_Pe). Results: Metabolome analysis showed that YF_Pe contained a much higher content of carotenoids than GB_Pe and WF_Pe, with α-carotene, zeaxanthin, violaxanthin and γ-carotene identified as the major carotenoid compounds in YF_Pe. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that the key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in carotenoid biosynthesis, such as phytoene synthase, phytoene desaturase and ζ-carotene desaturase, were significantly upregulated in YF_Pe. The results indicated that upregulated carotenoid concentrations and carotenoid biosynthesis-related genes predominantly promote colour transition. Meanwhile, two anthocyanins (pelargonidin and cyanidin) were significantly increased in YF_Pe, and the expression level of an anthocyanidin synthase gene was significantly upregulated, suggesting that anthocyanins may contribute to vivid yellow colour in YF_Pe. Furthermore, analyses of changes in indoleacetic acid, zeatin riboside, gibberellin (GA), brassinosteroid (BR), methyl jasmonate and abscisic acid (ABA) levels indicated that colour transitions are regulated by endogenous hormones. The DEGs involved in the auxin, cytokinin, GA, BR, jasmonic acid and ABA signalling pathways were enriched and associated with petal colour transitions.Conclusion: Our results provide global insight into the pigment accumulation and the regulatory mechanisms underlying petal colour transitions during the flower development process in L. japonica.

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Floral Color, Anthocyanin Synthesis Gene Expression and Control in Cape Erica Species

Cited by 8 publications

References 44 publications

Integrated metabolic profiling and transcriptome analysis of pigment accumulation in Lonicera japonica flower petals during colour-transition

Integrated metabolic profiling and transcriptome analysis of pigment accumulation in Lonicera japonica flower petals during colour-transition

Comparative Transcriptomics Provides Insight into Floral Color Polymorphism in a Pleione limprichtii Orchid Population

Integrated metabolic profiling and transcriptome analysis of pigment accumulation in Lonicera japonica flower petals during colour-transition

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