Floral Induction and Development in Ochard Grass

Abstract

PETERSON and LooMis (11) found that both low temperature and short day lengths were necessary for floral induction in Kentucky bluegrass, but growth and development of flowers were favored by long days and a moderately warm temperature. Other investigators (8, 9) have obtained similar results with smooth brome grass. COOPER (2) found that perennial rye grass remained vegetative under continuous illumination in a warm greenhouse, whereas annual and Italian types flowered well under these conditions.From a physiological viewpoint, less emphasis has been given to initiation of floral primordia in perennial grasses than to induction. However, detailed morphological studies on the seasonal development of the shoot apices have been conducted on a number of species (2, 7, 12, 13), including orchard grass (4). In general, investigators agree that the growing points remain in a vegetative condition throughout the fall and winter and initiate floral primordia the following spring with increasing day-length and temperature.

Effect of Sowing Time Based Temperature Variations on Growth, Yield and Seed Quality of Garden Pea

“…On the other hand, 30 December sowing received higher day/night temperature that hastens forced maturity and reduced TDM production and translocation to the yield components. Similar results were recorded by Peterson and Loomis (1949) in Kentucky bluegrass, Gardner and Loomis (1953) in orchard grass, Lindsey and Peterson (1964) in Poa pratensis L. Seed yield is the function of pods/plant, seeds/pod and 1000-seed weight. Date of sowing significantly influenced the seed yield/ha of garden pea.…”

The Influence of Date of Sowing and of Strain on Head Production in Timothy

“…Langer (5) reports that in the S.48 strain of timothy neither short days nor low temperature is normally necessary for floral induction. This is supported by field results, such as those of Stapledon and Wheeler (7) in Britain, and Gardner and Loomis (3) in Iowa, in which timothy readily formed heads after spring sowing. MATERIAL The eight strains used in this investigation are listed below; all except S.50 are strains of hexaploid P. pratense …”

Transfer of flower induction stimuli to non-exposed tillers in a selection of temperate grasses

“…Based on experiments showing no transmission of the induced stage within seeds of Dactylis glomerata , Gardner & Loomis (1953) concluded that each tiller has to be primary induced directly in order to become reproductive. Similar conclusions were drawn by other investigators (e.g.…”