Floral integration, phenotypic covariance structure and pollinator variation in bumblebee-pollinated <i>Helleborus foetidus</i>

Herrera, Carlos M.; Cerdá, Xím; García, María Begoña Villar; Guitián, Javier; Medrano, Mónica; Rey, Pedro J.; Sánchez‐Lafuente, Alfonso M.

doi:10.1046/j.1420-9101.2002.00365.x

Cited by 132 publications

(176 citation statements)

References 109 publications

(191 reference statements)

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“…1). The reproductive ecology of H. foetidus in these areas has been described (27)(28)(29)(30). Plants consist of one or a few ramets, each of which produces a single terminal inflorescence after 3-5 seasons of vegetative growth and subsequently dies.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of pollinators and herbivores on plant fitness suggests a pathway for correlated evolution of mutualism- and antagonism-related traits

Herrera

Medrano²,

Rey³

et al. 2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

189

209

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Different kinds of plant-animal interactions are ordinarily studied in isolation, yet considering the combined fitness effects of mutualistic and antagonistic interactions is essential to understanding plant character evolution. Functional, structural, or phylogenetic associations between attractive and defensive traits may be nonadaptive or result from correlational selection on sets of herbivoryand pollination-linked traits. Nonadditivity of fitness effects of mutualists and antagonists, a requisite for correlational selection, was experimentally tested in the field. We created experimental populations of the insect-pollinated perennial herb, Helleborus foetidus, at 16 different locations distributed among three regions in the Iberian Peninsula. Plants experienced one of four possible selective regimes generated by independently weakening the effects of pollinators and herbivores (flower and fruit predators) according to a two-way fully factorial design. Effects were assessed in terms of number of next-generation offspring recruited per mother plant under natural field conditions. Differences among I nvestigations on the different sorts of plant-animal interactions (e.g., herbivory, pollination, and seed dispersal) have traditionally progressed along separate lanes, the vast majority of studies focusing on just one kind of interaction and ignoring the possible significance of the others. This compartmentalization leads to an artificial oversimplification that may hinder our understanding of the ecology and evolution of plant-animal interactions. It is the composite result of the distinct interactions with all their animal counterparts that plants ''perceive'' in ecological and evolutionary time, and the combined action of different sets of counterparts (e.g., herbivores, pollinators, seed predators, and seed dispersers) exerts intricate ecological and evolutionary influences on plants extending beyond simple additivity of effects (1-5). The combined action of herbivores and pollinators may influence the ecology of plant reproduction and the evolution of pollination-related traits. Through direct or indirect effects on floral displays, flower characteristics, pollen quantity and quality, and plant attractiveness to pollinators, herbivores may ultimately modulate the nature, strength, and fitness consequences of the interaction between plants and their pollinators (6-15). Furthermore, herbivores and pollinators may exert conflicting selective pressures on particular plant traits, and certain characteristics of flowers and inflorescences may reflect compromise adaptations to mutualists and antagonists (5,12,(16)(17)(18)(19)(20).Another possible consequence of the concurrent interaction of plants with herbivores and pollinators that has begun to be recognized recently and the evolutionary origin of which is still poorly understood is the close functional, structural, or phylogenetic association sometimes existing between herbivory-and pollination-related traits. In Hypericum flowers, the same UV pigments play a de...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of pollinators and herbivores on plant fitness suggests a pathway for correlated evolution of mutualism- and antagonism-related traits

Herrera

Medrano²,

Rey³

et al. 2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

189

209

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…One potential explanation for the marked heterogeneity among taxa in levels of integration, and the unexpectedly weak integration observed in the flowers of some taxa, is that flowers are not single fully integrated units. Rather, the multiple functions of the flower are each performed by distinct suites of integrated characters that share a common function but are independent of sets of structures with alternative functions, that is, floral variation/covariation may be modular [46][47][48][49]. Independence among functional modules would reduce measures of overall integration for the flower as a whole.…”

Section: Intra-floral Integration and Modularitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Herrera et al [49] took a different approach to the question of modularity. They examined intra-floral modularity for Helleborus foetidus (Ranunculaceae) by comparing the observed correlation structure with alternative patterns predicted by hypotheses of complete integration versus independence of sets of characters.…”

Section: Intra-floral Integration and Modularitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Modularity and intra-floral integration in metameric organisms: plants are more than the sum of their parts

Diggle

2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…We used bootstrapping with 1000 repetitions to estimate the 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for corrected INT. Values were considered to represent significant integration if their 95% CIs did not include zero and significance of differences in integration between floral forms and trait compartments was assessed by examining overlap in CIs [20].…”

Section: (D) Assessing Trait Divergence Between Floral Formsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Floral trait variation and integration as a function of sexual deception inGorteria diffusa

Ellis

Jager

Mellers

et al. 2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Phenotypic integration, the coordinated covariance of suites of morphological traits, is critical for proper functioning of organisms. Angiosperm flowers are complex structures comprising suites of traits that function together to achieve effective pollen transfer. Floral integration could reflect shared genetic and developmental control of these traits, or could arise through pollinator-imposed stabilizing correlational selection on traits. We sought to expose mechanisms underlying floral trait integration in the sexually deceptive daisy, Gorteria diffusa , by testing the hypothesis that stabilizing selection imposed by male pollinators on floral traits involved in mimicry has resulted in tighter integration. To do this, we quantified patterns of floral trait variance and covariance in morphologically divergent G. diffusa floral forms representing a continuum in the levels of sexual deception. We show that integration of traits functioning in visual attraction of male pollinators increases with pollinator deception, and is stronger than integration of non-mimicry trait modules. Consistent patterns of within-population trait variance and covariance across floral forms suggest that integration has not been built by stabilizing correlational selection on genetically independent traits. Instead pollinator specialization has selected for tightened integration within modules of linked traits. Despite potentially strong constraint on morphological evolution imposed by developmental genetic linkages between traits, we demonstrate substantial divergence in traits across G. diffusa floral forms and show that divergence has often occurred without altering within-population patterns of trait correlations.

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Floral integration, phenotypic covariance structure and pollinator variation in bumblebee-pollinated Helleborus foetidus

Cited by 132 publications

References 109 publications

Interaction of pollinators and herbivores on plant fitness suggests a pathway for correlated evolution of mutualism- and antagonism-related traits

Interaction of pollinators and herbivores on plant fitness suggests a pathway for correlated evolution of mutualism- and antagonism-related traits

Modularity and intra-floral integration in metameric organisms: plants are more than the sum of their parts

Floral trait variation and integration as a function of sexual deception inGorteria diffusa

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