Floral Mimicry

Johnson, Steven D.; Schiestl, Florian P.

doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198732693.001.0001

Cited by 138 publications

(220 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…). However, the effects, and even existence, of such negative frequency dependence on the fitness of mimetic plants remain unclear (Johnson ; Peter & Johnson ; Johnson & Schiestl ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of distance from models on the fitness of floral mimics

Duffy

Johnson

2017

Plant Biol J

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Rewardless plants can attract pollinators by mimicking floral traits of rewarding heterospecific plants. This should result in the pollination success of floral mimics being dependent on the relative abundance of their models, as pollinator abundance and conditioning on model signals should be higher in the vicinity of the models. However, the attraction of pollinators to signals of the models may be partially innate, such that spatial isolation of mimics from model species may not strongly affect pollination success of mimics. We tested whether pollination rates and fruit set of the rewardless orchid Disa pulchra were influenced by proximity and abundance of its rewarding model species, Watsonia lepida. Pollination success of the orchid increased with proximity to the model species, while fruit set of the orchid increased with local abundance of the model species. Orchids that were experimentally translocated outside the model population experienced reduced pollinaria removal and increased pollinator-mediated self-pollination. These results confirm predictions that the pollination success of floral mimics should be dependent on the proximity and abundance of model taxa, and thus highlight the importance of ecological facilitation among species involved in mimicry systems.

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“…). However, the effects, and even existence, of such negative frequency dependence on the fitness of mimetic plants remain unclear (Johnson ; Peter & Johnson ; Johnson & Schiestl ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of distance from models on the fitness of floral mimics

Duffy

Johnson

2017

Plant Biol J

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“…Within‐flower temperature is thus often 2–5°C higher than the ambient temperature. As a result, visits may be brief to avoid extended exposure to high temperatures (causing heat stress) within sunlit flowers, and insect temperature may decrease due to thermoregulatory cooling flights when solitary bees leave a flower (Corbet and Huang ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All statistical analyses were performed in R ver. 3.5.1 (<http://www.r-project.org>) and we used the following functions: glmmadmb from the glmmADMB package to fit models following negative binomial distribution (Skaug et al ), lmer and glmer from lme4 to fit other (G)LMMs (Bates et al 2015), r.squaredGLMM from MuMIn to calculate coefficients of determination (Barton 2018) and testInteractions from phia for post hoc comparisons (De Rosario‐Martinez 2015). The statistical significance threshold was set at 0.05.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do local conspecific density and floral display size influence fruit set via pollinator visitation in Orchis militaris?

Henneresse

Kaiser

Wesselingh

et al. 2019

Nordic Journal of Botany

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Plant density varies naturally, from isolated plants to clumped individuals, and this can influence pollinator foraging behaviour and plant reproductive success. In addition, the effect of conspecific density on reproduction may depend on the pollination system, and deceptive species differ from rewarding ones in this regard, a high density being often associated with low fruit set in deceptive plants. In our study, we aimed to determine how local conspecific density and floral display size (i.e. number of flowers per plant) affect fruit set in a deceptive orchid (Orchis militaris) through changes in pollinator visitation. We measured fruit set in a natural population and recorded pollinator abundance and foraging behaviour within plots of different O. militaris densities. Detailed data were recorded for the most abundant potential pollinators of O. militaris, i.e. solitary bees. Floral display size was negatively correlated to fruit set in medium‐density plots, but uncorrelated in low‐ and high‐density plots. Plot density had no effect on solitary bee abundance and visitation, which may be due to low pollinator abundance within the study site. The proportion of visited flowers per inflorescence was negatively influenced by floral display size, which is in line with previous studies. In addition, solitary bees spent decreasing time in successive flowers within an inflorescence, and the time spent per flower was negatively affected by ambient temperature. Our results suggest that pollinator behaviour during visitation is poorly linked to pollen deposition and reproductive success in O. militaris.

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“…A recent study has found that in Ophrys species sharing a common pollinator, morphological differences can maintain reproductive isolation (Gögler et al ., ). It appears, however, unlikely that if the floral scent barrier between Ophrys species, which rely on the sexual pheromone analogue for reproductive isolation, would break down, morphological differences alone would be able to filter out unspecific visitors (Cortis et al ., ; Johnson & Schiestl, ). Instead, our results suggest that flower form acts to maximize reproductive success in a system which is severely pollinator limited (Tremblay et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Looks matter: changes in flower form affect pollination effectiveness in a sexually deceptive orchid

Rákosy¹,

Cuervo²,

Paulus

et al. 2017

J of Evolutionary Biology

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Many species of the sexually deceptive genus Ophrys are characterized by insect-like flowers. Their form has been traditionally considered to play an important role in pollinator attraction and manipulation. Yet, the evolution of the floral form remains insufficiently understood. We hypothesize that pollinator-mediated selection is essential for driving floral form evolution in Ophrys, but that form components are being subjected to varying selection pressures depending on their role in mediating interactions with pollinators. By using the Eucera-pollinated Ophrys leochroma as a model, our aim has been to assess whether and in what manner pollination effectiveness is altered by experimental manipulation of the flower form. Our results show that floral form plays an essential and, so far, underestimated role in ensuring effective pollination by mechanically guiding pollinators towards the reproductive structures of the flower. Pollinators are significantly less effective in interacting with flowers having forms altered to resemble those of species pollinated by different hymenopteran genera. Further, those components used by pollinators as gripping points were found to be more effective in ensuring pollinia transfer than those with which pollinators do not directly interact. Thus, mechanically active and inactive components appear to be under different selection pressures. As a consequence, mechanically active components of the flower form could reflect adaptations to the interaction with particular pollinator groups, whereas mechanically inactive components can vary more freely. Disentangling selection patterns between the functionally different components of flower form may provide valuable insights into the mechanisms driving the morphological diversification of sexually deceptive pollination systems.

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Floral Mimicry

Cited by 138 publications

References 15 publications

Effects of distance from models on the fitness of floral mimics

Effects of distance from models on the fitness of floral mimics

Do local conspecific density and floral display size influence fruit set via pollinator visitation in Orchis militaris?

Looks matter: changes in flower form affect pollination effectiveness in a sexually deceptive orchid

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