Floral Morphology and HPTLC Fingerprint Profile of &lt;i&gt;Saraca asoca&lt;/i&gt; (Roxb.) De Wilde (Caesalpiniaceae): A Consecrated Tree of India

Mishra, Shanti Bhushan; Vijayakumar, M.

doi:10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.43.54

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The antioxidant potentiality of flower extracts of Saraca is reported by many authors [24,46,47] which is due to the presence of considerable number of polyphenolic compounds with higher quantity. It proves that the flowers of Saraca are a great commercial resource of therapeutic components.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

RP-HPLC-based phytochemical screening of different polyphenolic compounds from floral extract of four species of Saraca L. (Leguminosae)

Sil

Ghosh

2022

Futur J Pharm Sci

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Background Saraca L. is one of the treasures throve of medicinally important plants in Indian subcontinent with its four species among which two are naturally distributed. It is one of the important resources of highly active phytochemicals due to which it proclaims a legendary position from ancient medicinal practices to modern ages. The crude extracts of flowers of four species were prepared using Soxhlet apparatus in petroleum benzene, ethyl acetate and 90% methanol sequentially. RP-HPLC (reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography)-based analysis of the presence of different phytochemicals using 15 different polyphenolic phytochemical standards was done to assess and quantify different phytochemicals. Results RP-HPLC-based evaluation revealed the presence different polyphenolic compounds like catechins, chlorogenic acid, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, gallic acid, t-cinnamic acid, anthrol, p-coumaric acid, biochanin A, etc., in a considerable amount which is very crucial for the phytomedicinal field. The correlations of the presence of known phytochemicals give a basis of phytochemical correlation among the four species. The RP-HPLC chromatographic data were applied to develop the complete phytochemical coding according to the complete set of chemicals found among the species to evaluate phytochemical correlation among them in a different way. This application also produces strong evidence of distinguishing features of S. indica and S. asoca that were considered as same species by some traditional taxonomy. Conclusion Extracts of S. thaipingensis contain highest amount of polyphenolic compounds, and the lowest amount was found in S. declinata. The phytochemical relations among S. asoca and S. declinata are high, and S. indica also has close relations with them, but S. thaipingensis has distinct divergence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

RP-HPLC-based phytochemical screening of different polyphenolic compounds from floral extract of four species of Saraca L. (Leguminosae)

Sil

Ghosh

2022

Futur J Pharm Sci

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“…The flowers were visited by white ants, butterflies, Arctiidae moth, Syrphid fly, black ant, and bees (especially Giant Asian honey bee), which helps in pollination. 14,32 Anatomic and diagnostical characters: -Petals are partial gamopetalous and the flowers are arranged in compact sessile and open in acropetal succession. 14,30 Colorful bracteoles are shorter than hypanthium.…”

Section: Flowersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saraca asoca– morphology and diversity across its natural distribution in India

Warrier¹

2021

IJCAM

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Trees play a chief role in the existence of human civilization. We get a glimpse of the trees that have to be planted at a site in Varahamihira's Brihat Samhita. In Brihat Samhita tank bunds are discussed to be shaded with Mangifera indica, Terminalia arjuna, Ficus religiosa, Ficus benghalensis, Syzygium cuminii, Mitragyna parviflora, Borassus flabellifer, Madhuca longifolia, Mimusops elengi, and Saraca asoca 1 .Saraca asoca or Jonesia asoca Roxb., commonly known as Ashoka, is a medicinal tree used to treat gynecological problems, as found in records of Charaka Samhita, Bhavprakasha Nighantu, and the treatise of Susruta 2-4 . Belonging to the genus Saraca, it comes under the Fabaceae family.The genus Saraca includes Saraca asoca (Roxb.) De Wilde, Saraca indica Linné, Saraca thaipingensis Cantley ex Prain, Saraca celebica De Wilde, Saraca griffithiana Prain, Saraca hullettii Prain, Saraca declinata (Jack) Miq., and Saraca dives Pierre, to name a few 5 . Of these, S.asoca (Roxb.) de Wilde, S.indica L., S.declinata Miq. (Red Saraca) and S.thaipingensis Prain (Yellow Saraca) has been reported in India. While S.asoca grows in the wild, the other three are grown in botanical gardens. [6][7] Though mainly used for ornamental purposes, they possess immense medicinal values. 7 Ashoka is a perennial evergreen tree, growing to a height of 10m. 9 Though a native of the Indian sub-continent, it is also seen in Sri Lanka and the Indo-Malaysian region. In India, Ashoka trees are found in Peninsular India, comprising the Western and Eastern Ghats and the sub-Himalayan tracts, to an altitude of 750m. It also prefers to grow in semi-evergreen and moist deciduous forests and is found along river streams. 10,11 Red lateral alluvial soil is suitable for growth and requires an annual rainfall of 2000-4000mm. 12 Saraca asoca (Roxb.) de Wilde, though known as Ashoka, has many common names in different languages -Ashoka in Hindi, Kankeli in Sanskrit, Ashokadamara in Kannada, Ashokapatta in Telugu, Asokam in Malayalam, and Asogam in Tamil. 13 It is considered a 'sacred tree' by both Hindus and Buddhists and holds high significance and importance in mythology, literature, and history. 2 The first variety of Ashoka -Aswani-I -with high bark yield and more tannin content has been released through a single plant selection method. 14 Other than 'Ashokarishta' and 'Ashokaghrita' many tablets, tonics, and syrups made from S.asoca are available in the market like 'Ashotone', and 'Ashonil'. 10 The Ayurvedic formulation of Ashokarishta comprises of Saraca asoca bark, Woodfordia fruticosa flower, Cuminum cyaminum fruit, Cyperus rotundus rhizome, Zingiber officinale rhizome, Berberis aristata stem, Nymphea stellata flower, Terminalia bellirica fruit pericarp, Terminalia chebula fruit pericarp, Phyllanthus emblica fruit pericarp, Mangifera indica endosperm, Adhatoda vasica root, Santalum album heartwood, and jiggery. 15 The bark helps in stopping excessive menstrual bleeding and hemorrhagic dysentery due to the presence of tannins. 16 Chemical investi...

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“…All of these plants are considered to contain medicinal properties. The crude extract of flowers of S.asoca is considered the best uterine tonic [5,6]. Due to the decline in population S. asoca is listed as 'globally vulnerable' in the Red List of Threatened Species of International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources [7] (http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T34623A9879360.en).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollen Morphology of Indian Species of Saraca L. (Leguminosae)-A Threatened and Legendary Medicinal Tree

Sil¹,

Mallick²,

Pal³

et al. 2019

Phyton

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The genus Saraca L. (Leguminosae) is a universal panacea in herbal medicine. The present study investigates the comparative pollen morphology of four species of Saraca viz. S. asoca (Roxb.) de Wilde, S. declinata (Jack) Miq., S. indica L., and S. thaipingensis Cantley ex Prain growing in India to reveal differences of their pollen structures to aid taxonomic and evolutionary values. The detailed morphology and surface structure of pollen grains were studied and described using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The pollen grains of Saraca showed isopolar, para-syncolporate, tricolporate, with radially symmetric, prolate and prolate-spheroidal structure. The surface of pollen of S. indica is rugulate with large lirae but in S. declinata, the surface is micro-rugulate to vermiculate with relatively thin lirae and that of S. thaipingensis is indistinct as the psilate surface with a frequent protuberance and fewer perforations were observed along with the gemmae like structure. Exine ornamentation helped to separate S. indica and S. asoca. Exine thickness varies from 3-4 μm. Presence of protuberance and exine thickness varies among individuals of the species spread over different locations. Present work also provides a unique palynological identity and interrelationship of these four species based on cluster analysis taking 23 pollen characters with the help of statistical method like the plotting of ternary graph. Ternary plots also helped to calculate the level of plasticity of each character in the intra-and inter-specific level.

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Floral Morphology and HPTLC Fingerprint Profile of <i>Saraca asoca</i> (Roxb.) De Wilde (Caesalpiniaceae): A Consecrated Tree of India

Cited by 3 publications

References 15 publications

RP-HPLC-based phytochemical screening of different polyphenolic compounds from floral extract of four species of Saraca L. (Leguminosae)

RP-HPLC-based phytochemical screening of different polyphenolic compounds from floral extract of four species of Saraca L. (Leguminosae)

Saraca asoca– morphology and diversity across its natural distribution in India

Pollen Morphology of Indian Species of Saraca L. (Leguminosae)-A Threatened and Legendary Medicinal Tree

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