Floral nectaries and nectar production in brown mustard (Brassica juncea) and white mustard (Sinapis alba) (Brassicaceae)

Masierowska, Marzena

doi:10.1007/s00606-002-0273-2

Cited by 35 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…EFN produced by B. juncea was viscous and around 50% of the total weight of EFN was sugars in all the varieties examined (Table 1). This concentration is similar to that observed for its floral nectar (Masierowska 2003). Sucrose was the main sugar present in B. juncea EFN (ca.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

A novel indirect defence in Brassicaceae: Structure and function of extrafloral nectaries in Brassica juncea

Mathur

Wagenaar

Caissard

et al. 2012

Plant Cell & Environment

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While nectaries are commonly found in flowers, some plants also form extrafloral nectaries on stems or leaves. For the first time in the family Brassicaceae, here we report extrafloral nectaries in Brassica juncea. The extrafloral nectar (EFN) was secreted from previously amorphic sites on stems, flowering stalks and leaf axils from the onset of flowering until silique formation. Transverse sections at the point of nectar secretion revealed a pocket-like structure whose opening was surrounded by modified stomatal guard cells. The EFN droplets were viscous and up to 50% of the total weight was sugars, 97% of which was sucrose in the five varieties of B. juncea examined. Threonine, glutamine, arginine and glutamate were the most abundant amino acids. EFN droplets also contained glucosinolates, mainly gluconapin and sinigrin. Nectar secretion was increased when the plants were damaged by chewing above-and belowground herbivores and sap-sucking aphids. Parasitoids of each herbivore species were tested for their preference, of which three parasitoids preferred EFN and sucrose solutions over water. Moreover, the survival and fecundity of parasitoids were positively affected by feeding on EFN. We conclude that EFN production in B. juncea may contribute to the indirect defence of this plant species.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

A novel indirect defence in Brassicaceae: Structure and function of extrafloral nectaries in Brassica juncea

Mathur

Wagenaar

Caissard

et al. 2012

Plant Cell & Environment

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“…Sinapis alba L. is white mustard with a fast growing period. Moreover, Sinapis alba is mainly used in apiculture as a proper melliferous plant [7]. Mention must be made of the fact that mustard crops are used as condiments, oilseed and medicines [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some quality parameters of mustards from the Romanian market

Damian

Leahu

Ropciuc

et al. 2018

Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry

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Five commercial mustards, made by different manufacturers, were studied to examine their physico-chemical properties and to establish relationships between those properties. Physico-chemical analysis revealed distinct differences between the mustards in the dry matter and extract contents and smaller differences in the protein, fat and ash levels. Two of the investigated mustards did not satisfy the requirements of the relevant Romanian standard regarding dry matter content. Statistical analysis of the results showed significant linear correlations between the dry matter, fat, protein and ash contents of mustards and some parameters of rheological model.

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“…Bees feed almost exclusively on pollen and nectar (Masierowska, 2003) and need to visit a great number of flowers in order to satisfy the colony's needs (Corbet et al, 1991). B. napus flowers are extremely attractive to them (Abrol, 2007) and its high level of attractiveness is related to its fragrance (Mussury and Fernandes, 2000) and to its abundant food resources (Williams, 1980;Mesquida et al, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) as a potential Brassica napus pollinator (cv. Hyola 432) (Brassicaceae), in Southern Brazil

Blochtein

et al. 2010

Braz. J. Biol.

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Brassica napus Linnaeus is considered a self-compatible crop; however, studies show that bee foraging elevates their seed production. Considering bee food shortages during the winter season and that the canola is a winter crop, this study aimed to evaluate the foraging behaviour of Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758 regarding those flowers, and to verify if it presents adequate behaviour for successfully pollinating this crop in Rio Grande do Sul State. The study was carried out in a canola field, in Southern Brazil. The anthesis stages were morphologically characterised and then related to stigma receptivity and pollen grain viability. Similarly, the behaviour of A. mellifera individuals on flowers was followed, considering the number of flowers visited per plant, the amount of time spent on the flowers, touched structures, and collected resources. Floral fidelity was inferred by analysing the pollen load of bees collected on flowers. The bees visited from 1-7 flowers/plant (x = 2.02; sd = 1.16), the time spent on the flowers varied between 1-43 seconds (x = 3.29; sd = 2.36) and, when seeking nectar and pollen, they invariably touched anthers and stigmas. The pollen load presented 100% of B. napus pollen. The bees' attendance to a small number of flowers/plants, their short permanence on flowers, their contact with anthers and stigma and the integral floral constancy allows their consideration as potential B. napus pollinators.Keywords: behavior, canola, honey bees, anthesis, pollination.Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) como potencial polinizador de Brassica napus (cv. Hyola 432) (Brassicaceae), no Sul do Brasil ResumoBrassica napus Linnaeus é considerada uma cultura autocompatível, entretanto, estudos indicam que o forrageio de abelhas eleva sua produtividade de sementes. Considerando-se a escassez de alimento para abelhas no inverno e a canola sendo uma cultura desse período, objetivou-se avaliar o comportamento de forrageio de Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758 nas suas flores e verificar se apresenta comportamento propício ao sucesso de polinização dessa cultura no Rio Grande do Sul. O estudo foi desenvolvido em lavoura de canola, no Sul do Brasil. Os estágios da antese foram caracterizados morfologicamente e relacionados à receptividade do estigma e à viabilidade dos grãos de pólen. Paralelamente, o comportamento de indivíduos de A. mellifera nas flores foi acompanhado, considerando-se o número de flores visitadas por planta, o tempo de permanência nas flores, as estruturas tocadas e os recursos coletados. A fidelidade floral foi inferida analisando-se a carga polínica de abelhas coletadas em flores. As abelhas visitaram entre 1-7 flores/planta (x = 2,02; sd = 1,16), o tempo de permanência nas flores variou entre 1-43 segundos (x = 3,29; sd = 2,36) e, ao buscarem néctar e pólen, invariavelmente tocavam anteras e estigmas. A carga polínica apresentou 100% de pólen de B. napus. A visita a poucas flores/planta, a curta permanência sobre as flores, o contato das abelhas com anteras e estigma e a plena constâ...

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Floral nectaries and nectar production in brown mustard (Brassica juncea) and white mustard (Sinapis alba) (Brassicaceae)

Cited by 35 publications

References 19 publications

A novel indirect defence in Brassicaceae: Structure and function of extrafloral nectaries in Brassica juncea

A novel indirect defence in Brassicaceae: Structure and function of extrafloral nectaries in Brassica juncea

Some quality parameters of mustards from the Romanian market

Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) as a potential Brassica napus pollinator (cv. Hyola 432) (Brassicaceae), in Southern Brazil

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