Floral phenology in relation to pollination and reproductive output in Commelina caroliniana (Commelinaceae)

Kaul, Veenu; Koul, A. K.

doi:10.1071/bt05106

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…and C. dianthifolia also coil, brushing the stigma against the fertile central stamen (Maheshwari & Maheshwari 1955;Hrycan & Davis 2005). The flowers of C. caroliniana are suggested to be structured for cross-pollination, but autonomous selfing occurs when cross-pollination fails (Kaul & Koul 2008), which is a good explanation for the findings of our study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…However, the Commelina variants studied produced more hermaphrodite flowers than staminate flowers. Kaul & Koul (2008) reported a similar observation regarding Commelina caroliniana Walter.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…In the present study, a significantly higher seed-set was observed in hand pollination treatments than in spontaneous self-pollination treatments using lateral and central stamens, which indicates that pollen from these stamens does not always get to the stigma or that the pollen load on the stigma is reduced during self-pollination. Kaul & Koul (2008) made a similar observation regarding C. caroliniana. Although we observed a high percent pollen stainability (49-81%) in the staminodes of C. erecta, C. lagosensis and C. diffusa subsp.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

“…However, we observed no insects foraging on the anthers of any of the studied species. They contrast with the flowers of C. caroliniana and Commelina benghalensis L., which are brightly colored and are visited by numerous insects, mainly hymenopterans (Kaul & Koul 2008;2012). The light yellow color of the staminode in C. lagosensis is not attractive so it might not play the role of insect attraction known for staminodes in other Commelina species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative pollination role of stamens and breeding system in three species of Commelina (Commelinaceae) in Ile-Ife, Nigeria

2013

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This study investigated pollination mechanisms and breeding systems in five Commelina variants: two subspecies of Commelina diffusa (C. diffusa subsp. aquatica and C. diffusa subsp. montana, each having two staminodes); two variants of C. erecta (with three staminodes); and C. lagosensis (also with three staminodes). In all three species, the staminodes have six lobes but only two fertile lateral lobes. We collected field samples and cultivated new plants from stem cuttings. When the plants flowered, we evaluated floral morphology, floral biology and breeding systems, creating eight separate experimental treatments, involving spontaneous and hand pollination, as well as varying degrees of emasculation of the flowers. Although the pollen from the lateral and central anthers was capable of siring seeds, the staminode pollen rarely set seeds. Commelina diffusa subsp. aquatica presented very low percent pollen stainability in all three of its stamens and produced no seeds in any of the pollination treatments. In all three species, the stigma was often directed toward the central anther during coiling of the style. Our results show that C. diffusa subsp. aquatica is sterile and that, in the other Commelina variants studied, pollination occurs mainly through autogamy via the lateral and central anthers.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative pollination role of stamens and breeding system in three species of Commelina (Commelinaceae) in Ile-Ife, Nigeria

2013

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“…Although the 3rd and 4th flowers of the spathe are structurally bisexual, functionally they may be male, female or both depending upon which of the sex organ aborts. Compared to male, female sterility is more common (Kaul 1998;Kaul and Koul 2007). The nature and sex expression of these flowers are summarized in Table 1.…”

Section: Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic system of two rainy season weeds: Commelina benghalensis L. and Commelina caroliniana Walter

2007

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ABSTRACT. Commelina benghalensis L and C. caroliniana Walter, two allied weedy species of the Commelinaceae vary in their breeding and meiotic systems. The former is predominantly auto-and the latter facultatively xenogamous. Meiotic system of C. caroliniana also provides for higher recombination index, characterized as it is by high chromosome number and higher chiasmata frequency: On the contrary C. benghalensis has fewer chromosomes and closed breeding system for which reason it generates little genetic variability. This difference qualifies C. benghalensis as a "specialist" and C. caroliniana as a "generalist".

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Phenology, floral and reproductive biology of Dichorisandra rhizantha Aona (Commelinaceae), an endemic endangered species in an Atlantic Forest fragment

JÚNIOR

Souza

Costa

et al. 2023

Microscopy Res & Technique

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Commelinaceae is an important component of the Atlantic Forest and its analysis can provide information on the conservation of that species. This study had the objective of analyzing the phenology and floral and reproductive biology of Dichorisandra rhizantha, growing in an Atlantic Forest fragment, to obtain data related to the form of reproduction and pollination mechanism of this species. We monitored the phenophases and reproductive biology of the D. rhizantha in the area studied using different methodologies and microscopy techniques (LM, SEM and FM). The flowering period occurs during the dry season. The species is andromonoecious and has daytime anthesis (4:30 a.m.-1:30 p.m.). It has purple zygomorphic flowers and rimose but functionally poricidal anthers. The pollen viability was 97.6% and the two floral morphs investigated contained a large quantity of pollen grains. The time of greatest stigma receptivity (anthesis) coincided with the pollen viability. Cross-pollination was the only efficient reproductive system of the species, with observation of gametophytic self-incompatibility and pollen tubes growth only as far as the middle or lower third of the pistil. We observed bee species of the genera Xylocopa and Euglossa visiting the flowers and acting as effective pollinators. The immature fruits were formed after about 3.25 ± 1 days, and the presence was noted of ants of the genus Cephalotes acting as dispersers of the seeds, with aril serving as the reward. Although the natural reproductive system is efficient, D. rhizantha is endangered, mainly due to fragmentation of habitat caused by deforestation and urban encroachment.

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Floral phenology in relation to pollination and reproductive output in Commelina caroliniana (Commelinaceae)

Cited by 11 publications

References 38 publications

Comparative pollination role of stamens and breeding system in three species of Commelina (Commelinaceae) in Ile-Ife, Nigeria

Comparative pollination role of stamens and breeding system in three species of Commelina (Commelinaceae) in Ile-Ife, Nigeria

Genetic system of two rainy season weeds: Commelina benghalensis L. and Commelina caroliniana Walter

Phenology, floral and reproductive biology of Dichorisandra rhizantha Aona (Commelinaceae), an endemic endangered species in an Atlantic Forest fragment

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