Floral scents in butterfly-pollinated plants: possible convergence in chemical composition

Andersson, Susanna; Nilsson, Lovisa; Groth, Inga; Bergström, Günnar

doi:10.1046/j.1095-8339.2002.00068.x

Cited by 166 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…It has been observed that generalist adaptation to insect pollination is often revealed by scent blends dominated by benzenoids and/or linalool and linalool oxides 36 . These compounds seem to be important for attraction of butterflies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flowers Volatile Profile of a Rare Red Apple Tree from Marche Region (Italy)

et al. 2014

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In this paper, the volatiles emitted by flowers and various parts of the flower of a rare spontaneous Italian red (peel and flesh) apple named "Pelingo", were analyzed by SPME with the aim of identifying the contribution of each one to the whole aroma profile. Linalool was the most abundant volatile of flowers: from 43.0% in the flower buds, to 17.6% in the stylus and stigma headspace. The second most represented volatile was (E,E)-α-farnesene mainly emitted by the mature flowers (32.2%). Benzenoid compounds also have been identified: benzyl-alcohol is the most representative (1.0-16.5%) in all the samples except flower buds, while benzyl acetate (5.7%) and methyl salicylate (7.7%) are mainly present in the calyx and in the mature flowers respectively but not in the flower buds. Benzenoid compounds are the attractors for pollinator, probably for this reason were not detected in the headspace of flower bud

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flowers Volatile Profile of a Rare Red Apple Tree from Marche Region (Italy)

et al. 2014

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“…Phenylacetaldehyde, the most attractive scent in our study, has been reported earlier as an attractant for diurnal and nocturnal Lepidoptera (Creighton et al 1973;Cantello and Jakobson 1979;Haynes et al 1991;Heath et al 1992;Honda et al 1998;Andersson and Dobson 2003) and honeybees (Blight et al 1997). Andersson et al (2002) describes phenylacetaldehyde as a characteristic compound of butterflypollinated flowers because of its widespread occurrence in such plants, but the compound has also been found in many other plants (Knudsen et al 1993). In our study, none of the active compounds other than phenylacetaldehyde attracted pollinators when offered as single substances.…”

Section: Behaviourally Active Fragrancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Floral scent emission and pollinator attraction in two species of Gymnadenia (Orchidaceae)

Huber

Kaiser

Sauter³

et al. 2004

Oecologia

168

174

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We investigated scent composition and pollinator attraction in two closely related orchids, Gymnadenia conopsea (L.) R.Br. s.l. and Gymnadenia odoratissima (L.) Rich. in four populations during the day and night. We collected pollinators of both species using hand nets and sampled floral odour by headspace sorption. We analysed the samples by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry to identify compounds and with electroantennographic detection to identify compounds with physiological activity in pollinators. In order to evaluate the attractiveness of the physiologically active compounds, we carried out trapping experiments in the field with single active odour substances and mixtures thereof. By collecting insects from flowers, we caught eight pollinators of G. conopsea, which were members of four Lepidoptera families, and 37 pollinators of G. odoratissima, from five Lepidopteran families. There was no overlap in pollinator species caught from the two orchids using nets. In the scent analyses, we identified 45 volatiles in G. conopsea of which three (benzyl acetate, eugenol, benzyl benzoate) were physiologically active. In G. odoratissima, 44 volatiles were identified, of which seven were physiologically active (benzaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde, benzyl acetate, 1-phenyl-2,3-butandione, phenylethyl acetate, eugenol, and one unknown compound). In field bioassays using a mixture of the active G. odoratissima compounds and phenylacetaldehyde alone we caught a total of 25 moths, some of which carried Gymnadenia pollinia. A blend of the active G. conopsea volatiles placed in the G. odoratissima population did not attract any pollinators. The two orchids emitted different odour bouquets during the day and night, but G. odoratissima showed greater temporal differences in odour composition, with phenylacetaldehyde showing a significant increase during the night. The species differed considerably in floral odour emission and this differentiation was stronger in the active than non-active compounds. This differentiation of the two species, especially in the emission of active compounds, appears to have evolved under selection for attraction of different suites of Lepidopteran pollinators.

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“…(ð)-Lavandulol is present in several plant families, i. e. Orchidaceae (Kaiser, 1993), Asteraceae, Valerianaceae (Brunke et al, 1993), Polemoniaceae, Scrophulariaceae and Thymelaeaceae (Andersson et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an Attractant-Baited Trap for Oxythyrea funesta Poda (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Cetoniinae)

Vuts

Imrei

Tóth

2008

Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung C

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In electroantennographic tests isosafrol, methyl salicylate, (ð)-lavandulol, geraniol, (E)-anethol, and -ionone evoked the largest responses from antennae of female or male Oxythyrea funesta (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Cetoniinae) adult beetles. In field trapping tests in Hungary the 1 : 1 blend of (ð)-lavandulol and 2-phenylethanol attracted significantly more adult O. funesta than the single compounds. The addition of (E)-anethol, a previously described attractant for the species, was without effect. There was no difference in the responses of male or female beetles. The binary 2-phenylethanol/(ð)-lavandulol bait described in this study is recommended for the use in traps of O. funesta for agricultural purposes.

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Floral scents in butterfly-pollinated plants: possible convergence in chemical composition

Cited by 166 publications

References 56 publications

Flowers Volatile Profile of a Rare Red Apple Tree from Marche Region (Italy)

Flowers Volatile Profile of a Rare Red Apple Tree from Marche Region (Italy)

Floral scent emission and pollinator attraction in two species of Gymnadenia (Orchidaceae)

Development of an Attractant-Baited Trap for Oxythyrea funesta Poda (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Cetoniinae)

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