Floral Structure, Development, and Relationships of Paleoherbs: Saruma, Cabomba, Lactoris, and Selected Piperales

Tucker, Shirley C.; Douglas, Andrew W.

doi:10.1007/978-0-585-23095-5_7

Cited by 39 publications

(41 citation statements)

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“…An analysis by Sun et al ( 2002 ) identifi ed Archaefructus as the sister group of all living angiosperms , but the seed-plant analysis of Doyle ( 2008 ) placed it within the crown group, linked with the aquatic family Hydatellaceae , which were formerly considered highly reduced monocots, but have been recently shown to be basal Nymphaeales (Saarela et al, 2007 ). Th e most important changes in Doyle and Endress ( 2010 ) were re-scoring of androecial characters in Piperales in accordance with developmental data and interpretations of Liang andTucker ( 1995 ), Huff ord ( 1996 ) and Tucker and Douglas ( 1996 ), and the phylogenetic results of Wanke et al ( 2007 ); re-scoring of fl oral phyllotaxis and merism in some Laurales based on Staedler et al ( 2007 ) and Staedler and Endress ( 2009 ); and increasing the number of states recognized in the carpel number character.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Th e genus Saruma in the Asaroideae has three petals, as well as three sepaloid tepal s, which was considered a primitive feature by Th orne ( 1974 ), but given the phylogenetic position of Asaroideae, these petals are most parsimoniously interpreted as derived. In Doyle and Endress ( 2010 ) we changed the scoring of androecium merism and number of whorls in Saururaceae and Piperaceae to take into account developmental evidence that some taxa with six stamens are dimerous, with lateral stamens in double positions, rather than trimerous (Liang and Tucker, 1995 ;Huff ord, 1996 ;Tucker and Douglas, 1996 ), and the discovery that Verhuellia , which has only two stamens, is basal in Piperaceae (Wanke et al, 2007 ;Samain et al, 2010 ). Nevertheless, it is still most parsimonious to reconstruct the common ancestors of both Piperales as a whole and the Saururaceae-Piperaceae clade as having two whorls of three stamens, as in the fi rst mesangiosperms ( Figs 4.2 B, 4.4 ).…”

Section: Magnoliidaementioning

confidence: 99%

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Tracing the early evolutionary diversification of the angiosperm flower

Doyle¹,

Endress²

2011

Flowers on the Tree of Life

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Magnoliidaementioning

confidence: 99%

Tracing the early evolutionary diversification of the angiosperm flower

Doyle¹,

Endress²

2011

Flowers on the Tree of Life

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“…1-3), 1 ϭ axillary. Flower position in Asarum and Saruma has been confused in the literature, with Asarum characterized as terminal (e.g., Mesler and Lu, 1993a) or axillary (Thorne, 1996) and Saruma as axillary (Tucker and Douglas, 1996). Asarum flowers are terminal, with growth along the stem after flowering, continuing sympodially from the axillary bud of the uppermost foliage leaf.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cladistic analysis of Asarum (Aristolochiaceae) and implications for the evolution of herkogamy

Kelly

1997

American J of Botany

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A cladistic analysis of Asarum was conducted to examine relationships among species within the genus and to test the monophyly of several groups of taxa that have often been treated as segregate genera. Thirty-two species were drawn from throughout the range of the genus, representing a broad sample of sections and all segregate genera. The data matrix included 37 characters derived from various aspects of vegetative and floral morphology. A strict consensus of all most parsimonious trees suggests that Asarum s.l. is monophyletic and consists of two main clades: an Asarum clade, which is characterized by connate styles and inferior ovaries, and an Asiasarum-Hexastylis-Heterotropa clade, which is characterized by ridges on the inner perianth surface, dorsal stigmas, and bifid style extensions. The latter is a large and morphologically diverse clade that includes the North American segregate Hexastylis and two Asiatic segregates. Examination of pollination mechanisms in the context of this phylogeny supports the conclusion that herkogamy, and thus obligate insect pollination, is derived from a plesiomorphic condition of autonomous self-pollination. Associated with herkogamy are characters such as glandular trichomes and other ornamentation of the surface of the calyx that probably represent increased specialization to attract insect pollinators. This study also indicates that chromosomal evolution has occurred via aneuploid decrease from an ancestral chromosome number of 2n ϭ 26 to 2n ϭ 24 in Heterotropa. The recognition of two subgenera, subgenus Asarum and subgenus Heterotropa, corresponding to the two clades in the cladistic analysis, is recommended.Key words: Aristolochiaceae; Asarum; Asiasarum; cladistics; Geotaenium; Heterotropa; Hexastylis; phylogeny.Asarum L. sensu lato is a north temperate genus of the principally tropical family Aristolochiaceae. Asarum has been split into as many as six segregate genera by various authors (e.g., Rafinesque, 1825;Maekawa, 1933 Maekawa, , 1936Maekawa, , 1953Maekawa, , 1978. Despite relatively recent suggestions that the genus be recognized in the broad sense (e.g., Cheng and Yang, 1983;Barringer, 1993), these names persist in the literature. Heterotropa Morren & Decne. (Maekawa, 1933(Maekawa, , 1978 is the largest and by far the most taxonomically complex of these genera with ϳ 50 species distributed primarily through Japan and China. Asarum sensu stricto consists of 17 species found in North America, Europe, and Asia. Hexastylis Raf. (Rafinesque, 1825;Blomquist, 1957) has eight or nine species found in the southeastern United States. The smallest of the segregate genera, Geotaenium F. Maek. and Asiasarum F. Maek., each contain 3-4 species and are found from Japan to 1 Manuscript received 20 January 1997; revision accepted 27 May 1997.The author thanks Melissa A. Luckow for providing advice and encouragement at every stage of this project, and for reading drafts of the manuscript; Tony Hall for generous assistance in facilitating access to living collections at Royal Bot...

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“…Anatomical and developmental data Carlquist, 1990;Tucker and Douglas, 1996) as well as an rbcL phylogeny (Qiu et at, 1993) place the species deep in the paleoherbs, a group of early origin in the evolution of angiosperms. Lactoris is the only known representative of a stem lineage that must be much older than Masatierra (ca.…”

Section: Woodiness: An Indicator Of Relictualism or Insular Evolution7mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Phylogenetic Insights on the Origin and Evolution of Oceanic Island Plants

Baldwin¹,

Crawford²,

Francisco‐Ortega³

et al. 1998

Molecular Systematics of Plants II

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The floras and faunas of oceanic islands have fascinated evolutionary biologists since the time of Darwin (1859) and Wallace (1880). Questions that first arose about island life are among those still being addressed today: How did terrestrial organisms come to exist on remote islands? What ancestors gave rise to island lifeforms? Why are so many insular species unique and different from those of other islands and continental settings? For Darwin, such questions about organisms of the Galapagos archipelago were helpful in formulating his ideas about evolutionary change.More recently, works such as the books of Carlquist (1965, 1974, 1980) have focused on a wide diversity of biological and evolutionary questions about island endemics and have provided a framework for modem studies. As elucidated by Carlquist (1965), island plants can serve as model systems for studying plant evolution, in part because islands are naturallaboratories: small, isolated, and relatively simple systems compared to most continental situations. Also, the age of an island can be determined by potassium-argon dating (e.g., Stuessy et aI., 1984;Clague and Dalrymple, 1987), a method that indirectly places a maximum age limit on any endemic plants that evolved in situ. The site of origin of insular endemic lineages may, in tum, be identifiable from biogeographic interpretations based on results of phylogenetic analyses, as seen in the following discussion.Available data suggest that lineages of island plants are often younger than closely related continental groups of similar taxonomic rank (Carlquist, 1995), although relative duration of insular and continental plant lineages has only recently been tested from a phylogenetic perspective. The apparent youth of insular taxa is beneficial for studying diversification; the more recent the divergence, the higher the probability that species differences were causally associated with lineage branching or speciation (Templeton, 1981). Another general attribute of island plants that allows for detailed evolutionary study is interfertility between species of endemic lineages, despite often striking morphological and ecological differences between the taxa (e.g., Gillett and Lim, 1970;Humphries, 1976a;Carr, 1985;Lowrey, 1986). Hybridization studies have provided valuable cytogenetic evidence for studies of island plant evolution We thank Jeff Doyle, Doug Soltis, and John Strother for helpful reviews of an earlier version of the paper. This work was supported in part by the U.S. National Science Foundation (DEB-9458237 to BGB, and BSR-8906988, DEB-9500499, and DEB-9521Ol7 to DJC, TFS, and S.-C. K.) and the Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia, Spain (PF92 42044506 to J.

show abstract

Floral Structure, Development, and Relationships of Paleoherbs: Saruma, Cabomba, Lactoris, and Selected Piperales

Cited by 39 publications

References 0 publications

Tracing the early evolutionary diversification of the angiosperm flower

Tracing the early evolutionary diversification of the angiosperm flower

A cladistic analysis of Asarum (Aristolochiaceae) and implications for the evolution of herkogamy

Molecular Phylogenetic Insights on the Origin and Evolution of Oceanic Island Plants

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