Florence baptistery: chemical and mineralogical investigation of glass mosaic tesserae

Arletti, Rossella; Conte, Sonia; Vandini, Mariangela; Fiori, Cesare; Bracci, Susanna; Bacci, Mauro; Porcinai, Simone

doi:10.1016/j.jas.2010.08.012

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…These were more or less comparable to copper [67], as already observed for the red and orange tesserae from Antioch [68] and Sagalassos [69] in Turkey, and thus suggested different sources for these elements. Later, the use of tin oxide was sporadically encountered in early Medieval England [70,71], Ireland [72], the Netherlands [73], and Italy [26,39,56,74], for obtaining opaque white glass, and in Denmark for opacifying blue glasses colored by cobalt oxide [29]. Last, research carried out on colored glass beads datable to the Merovingian period (5th-7th century AD) and found in large amounts in Switzerland, France, Germany, and the Netherlands area, especially in female graves, deserve a note [75,76].…”

Section: Tin-based Crystalline Phasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant, examples of lead-tin-oxides opaque yellow and green glasses were found among the assemblages of glass tesserae, datable between the 5th and the 9th century AD at Shikmona [60], Kilise Tepe [20], Hagios Polyeuktos [66], Sagalassos [69], Amorium [65], Petra [85], Cyprus [61], Khirbet al-Mafjar [23], Qusayr' Amra [86], Nishapur [87,88], and Samarra [89]. Afterward, they were frequently used in Islamic enamels manufactured since the 12th century AD and in Italy too, where lead-tin-oxides were employed both in Venetian glass and in mosaic tesserae manufactured between the 6th and the 16th centuries AD [21,26,74,90].…”

Section: White-and Blue-colored Classmentioning

confidence: 99%

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From Crystals to Color: A Compendium of Multi-Analytical Data on Mineralogical Phases in Opaque Colored Glass Mosaic Tesserae

Vandini

Fiorentino

2020

Minerals

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This study aimed at laying the groundwork for a compendium on mineralogical phases responsible for the colors and opacity of ancient glasses, with specific reference to mosaic tesserae. Based on the awareness that a comprehensive database of these phases is currently lacking in the available literature, this compendium foresees two main objectives. The first scope was to set the basis for a well-structured database, as a reference point for scholars from different backgrounds for comparative and methodological purposes. The second goal was to provide insights on analytical methods that could be profitably used for achieving an in-depth characterization of coloring and opacifying inclusions; a tailored multi-analytical approach based on easily accessible and widespread techniques like OM, SEM-EDS, μ-Raman, and XRPD is proposed here. Micro-structural and compositional features of glass tesserae, where different types of crystalline phases were detected (Sb-based, Sn-based, Cu-based, Ca-phosphate-based) are presented in well-structured synoptic tables, following a summary on historical–archaeological information on their use.

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Section: Tin-based Crystalline Phasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: White-and Blue-colored Classmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Crystals to Color: A Compendium of Multi-Analytical Data on Mineralogical Phases in Opaque Colored Glass Mosaic Tesserae

Vandini

Fiorentino

2020

Minerals

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“…The pioneering works by Bamford [71] and by Schreus and Brill [73] set the basis for the measurement of the absorption properties of a glass system in transmission mode. Subsequent works exploited the same method [12,16,75], using either sunlight or specific light sources, while other studies exploited the reflectance mode [76][77][78]. Both transmittance and reflectance, in fact, display the same electronic transitions [79].…”

Section: Glassmentioning

confidence: 99%

UV-Vis spectroscopy

Picollo

Aceto

Vitorino

2018

Physical Sciences Reviews

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Abstract UV-Vis reflectance spectroscopy has been widely used as a non-invasive method for the study of cultural heritage materials for several decades. In particular, FORS, introduced in the 1980s, allows to acquire hundreds of reflectance spectra in situ in a short time, contributing to the identification of artist’s materials. More recently, microspectrofluorimetry has also been proposed as a powerful non-invasive method for the identification of dyes and lake pigments that provides high sensitivity and selectivity. In this chapter, the concepts behind these spectroscopic methodologies will be discussed, as well as the instrumentation and measurement modes used. Case studies related with different cultural heritage materials (paintings and manuscripts, textiles, carpets and tapestries, glass, metals, and minerals), which show the usefulness of UV-Vis reflectance spectroscopy and microspectrofluorimetry applied to the study of artworks, will also be presented.

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“…Subsequently, this analytical method has been widely used for the identification of chromophores since it allows their discrimination without any sampling. (15,17,23) Fibre optic reflectance spectroscopy (FORS) is, in fact, a cheap and versatile tool that permits the preliminary discriminative analysis of artwork colours, deriving from the introduction of small amounts of transition metal ions in specific oxidation states to the moulding batch. (22) In addition, artisans would have been able to obtain a wide range of shades by expertly modifying furnace atmospheres, temperatures and/ or the addition of other elements.…”

Section: Fibre Optic Reflectance Spectroscopy (Fors)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary non-invasive study of Roman glasses from Jesolo (Venice), Italy

Cherian

Ferri

Falcone

et al. 2020

Glass Tech.: Eur. J. Glass Sci. Technol. A

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Archaeological excavations at ‘Le Mure’ site (Jesolo, VE, Italy) have followed each other since the sixties, when the first evidence of an Early Medieval church (6th–7th century AD) was found under the ruins of a Medieval Cathedral (11th–12th AD). The last few years of investigations by Ca’Foscari University have led to the collection of large amounts of glass fragments, including many tesserae, dating between the 4th and the 12th centuries AD. A selection of glass fragments and mosaic tesserae taken from the excavations performed in 2013–14 at this site were studied by means of reflectance spectroscopy in order to identify their chromophore ions, in particular Cu0, Cu2+, Co2+, Fe2+ and Fe3+, which were detected in both transparent and opaque samples. In addition, the use of high resolution close-up images allowed for the attribution of surface characteristics to specific manufacturing techniques, while glass chemistry was studied in order to group them into known compositional classes. This study, carried out by non-invasive analytical techniques that allowed for the acquisition of preliminary data, will prove useful in driving further methodologies involving other non-invasive and micro-invasive analysis in order to obtain archaeometric information that can be related to concurrent archaeological results.

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Florence baptistery: chemical and mineralogical investigation of glass mosaic tesserae

Cited by 19 publications

References 25 publications

From Crystals to Color: A Compendium of Multi-Analytical Data on Mineralogical Phases in Opaque Colored Glass Mosaic Tesserae

From Crystals to Color: A Compendium of Multi-Analytical Data on Mineralogical Phases in Opaque Colored Glass Mosaic Tesserae

UV-Vis spectroscopy

Preliminary non-invasive study of Roman glasses from Jesolo (Venice), Italy

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