Flow accelerated corrosion of carbon steel feeder pipes from pressurized heavy water reactors

Singh, Jaspreet; Kumar, Umesh; Kumawat, N.; Kumar, Sunil; Kain, Vivekanand; Anantharaman, S.; Sinha, Anant

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2012.05.045

Cited by 26 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Where flow effects are dominant, the FAC rate is proportional to the mass transfer rate of ferrous ions from the oxide-water interface through the boundary layer of water to the bulk water [6]. The rate of mass transfer that occurs can be quantified by the mass transfer coefficient (MTC).…”

Section: Relation Of Mass Transfer Coefficient With Fac Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fundamentals of this phenomenon can be found in Barth et al [1] and Sun et al [2]. When water flows along a FAC-susceptible material, there is a concentration boundary layer for the ferrous ions to be transported from the oxide-water interface to the bulk water [6]. The boundary layer is fully developed at 20-50 pipe diameters downstream the inlet of a pipe under single-phase flow conditions where the FAC rate is the lowest.…”

Section: Fac Entrance Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to available operating experience and recent studies [5][6][7], piping integrity is a concern at a welded region. When Électricité de France evaluated their FAC surveillance strategy in Thebault et al [5], the degradation of weld due to FAC was identified as an important issue ( Figure 2).…”

Section: Plant Evidence Of Fac Entrance Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analyses were performed on a number of feeder pipes received from India that had been in service for 15.67 effective full power years (EFPYs) [6]. These analyses showed that maximum reductions in the thickness of the feeder had occurred just downstream the weld based on the perfect geometry assumed without considering any material removal during fabrication to facilitate fit up.…”

Section: Plant Evidence Of Fac Entrance Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fluid–structure-Interaction Analysis for Welded Pipes With Flow-Accelerated Corrosion Wall Thinning

Sun

Ding

2016

CNL Nuclear Review

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The flow-accelerated corrosion (FAC) entrance effect results in enhanced wall thinning immediately downstream of a weld if the weld connects an upstream FAC-resistant material with a downstream less resistant material. The weld regions, especially those with local repairs, are susceptible to cracking due to the high residual stresses induced by fabrication. The combined effects of the FAC entrance effect and high stresses at a weld might compromise the structural integrity of the piping and lead to a failure. Weld degradation by FAC entrance effect has been observed at nuclear and fossil power plants. This paper describes an application using fluid–structure-interaction (FSI) modelling to study the combined effects of FAC wall thinning, weld residual stresses, and in-service loads on welded structures. Simplified cases analyzed were based on CANDU outlet feeder conditions. The analysis includes the flow and mass transfer modelling of the FAC entrance effect using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and nonlinear structural analyses of the welded structures with wall thinning and an assumed weld residual stress and strain distribution. The FSI analyses were performed using ANSYS Workbench, an integrated platform that enables the coupling of CFD and structural analysis solutions. The obtained results show that the combination of FAC, weld residual stresses, in-service loads (including the internal pressure) and (or) extreme loads could cause high stresses and affect the integrity of the welded pipes. The present work demonstrated that the FSI modelling can be used as an effective approach to assess the integrity of welded structures.

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Section: Relation Of Mass Transfer Coefficient With Fac Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fac Entrance Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plant Evidence Of Fac Entrance Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plant Evidence Of Fac Entrance Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Fluid–structure-Interaction Analysis for Welded Pipes With Flow-Accelerated Corrosion Wall Thinning

Sun

Ding

2016

CNL Nuclear Review

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“…For instance, FAC occurrence has been reported in many types of carbon steel equipment exposed to degassed water or steam-water mixture (Remy & Bouchacourt, 1992). Wall thinning in pressurised heavy water reactors in nuclear plants, boiling water reactors, and CSG infrastructure are also major problems caused by FAC (Satoh, Shao, Cook, Lister, & Uchida, 2007;Singh et al, 2012). This deterioration of piping and fittings can progress quickly and cause sudden failures and great economic loss (Ahmed, Bello, El Nakla, & Al Sarkhi, 2012;Tang et al, 2009), as shown in Figure 2-1 (A and B).…”

Section: 1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow-Assisted Corrosion in Coal Seam Gas Infrastructure

Eyu¹

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Effect of cold working on oxidation behavior and nature of oxide film formed on carbon steel

Dubey

Roychowdhury

Kain

2017

Materials & Corrosion

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Carbon steel is extensively used as a structural material in the secondary circuit of nuclear reactors. During fabrication of components such as elbows, T‐joint, expander/reducer, etc., the material is subjected to cold working. Aim of this study is to systematically investigate the effect of cold working on the oxidation behavior of carbon steel in alkaline environment at high temperature and pressure. Specimens from cold worked (up to 30%) carbon steel samples were oxidized in an autoclave at 270 °C for durations of up to 240 h in water of pH25 °C 10–10.2 obtained by adding lithium hydroxide. Oxidation rate, as calculated by weight gain, increased with extent of cold working. Potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance measurements were done in a borate buffer solution of pH 9.2 at room temperature, to characterize the oxide film formed on cold worked specimens. Impedance measurement followed by Mott–Schottky analysis showed that the defect density in the oxide increased with extent of cold working. Detailed examination established that the type and size of crystallites formed on the outermost oxide layer was the same irrespective of the extent of cold working.

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Flow accelerated corrosion of carbon steel feeder pipes from pressurized heavy water reactors

Cited by 26 publications

References 11 publications

Fluid–structure-Interaction Analysis for Welded Pipes With Flow-Accelerated Corrosion Wall Thinning

Fluid–structure-Interaction Analysis for Welded Pipes With Flow-Accelerated Corrosion Wall Thinning

Flow-Assisted Corrosion in Coal Seam Gas Infrastructure

Effect of cold working on oxidation behavior and nature of oxide film formed on carbon steel

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