Flow and conduit formation in the external fluid-transport system of a suspension feeder

Dassow, Michelangelo von

doi:10.1242/jeb.01738

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In high-current environments, barnacles switch from active to passive feeding and orient their bodies toward the current (Trager et al, 1990). Cnidarians (Best, 1988), ascidians (Young and Braithwaite, 1980;Knott et al, 2004) and brachiopods (LaBarbera, 1977) also orient their bodies to the current, while other invertebrates may take advantage of current-induced flow through tubes (Vogel, 1977;Murdock and Vogel, 1978;von Dassow, 2005;Shiino, 2010). Sponges are often considered textbook examples of the use of current-induced flow in nature (Bidder, 1923;Vogel, 1974Vogel, , 1977 but experiments to confirm this have been equivocal (Leys et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The energetic cost of filtration by demosponges and their behavioural response to ambient currents

Ludeman

Reidenbach

Leys

2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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There was an error published in J. Exp. Biol. 220, 995-1007. Some values for head loss and respiration in Table 3 were carried over from an earlier version of the manuscript. The corrected table follows.The final numbers for volume flow rate, head loss, pumping power and cost of pumping remain unchanged, and there are no changes to the results and conclusions of the paper. The data available from the University of Alberta Education Resource Archive (ERA; https://doi.org/ 10.7939/R36688W8N) are correct. The authors apologise for any inconvenience this may have caused. 4743© 2017. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Journal of Experimental Biology (2017) 220, 4743-4744 doi:10.1242 Journal of Experimental Biology ΔH and measured volume flow rate are used to calculate the pumping power P p using Eqn A6. The cost of pumping η (%) is then estimated using Eqn A7 from the pumping power P p and the measured respiration rate R tot . The collar slit is in bold, representing the filtration apparatus. Journal of Experimental Biology (2017) 220, 4743-4744 doi:10.1242 Journal of Experimental Biology ABSTRACT Sponges (Porifera) are abundant in most marine and freshwater ecosystems, and as suspension feeders they play a crucial role in filtering the water column. Their active pumping enables them to filter up to 900 times their body volume of water per hour, recycling nutrients and coupling a pelagic food supply with benthic communities. Despite the ecological importance of sponge filter feeding, little is known about how sponges control the water flow through their canal system or how much energy it costs to filter the water. Sponges have long been considered textbook examples of animals that use current-induced flow. We provide evidence that suggests that some species of demosponge do not use currentinduced flow; rather, they respond behaviourally to increased ambient currents by reducing the volume of water filtered. Using a morphometric model of the canal system, we also show that filter feeding may be more energetically costly than previously thought. Measurements of volumetric flow rates and oxygen removal in five species of demosponge show that pumping rates are variable within and between species, with the more oxygen consumed the greater the volume filtered. Together, these data suggest that sponges have active control over the volume of water they process, which may be an adaptation to reduce the energetic cost of filtration in times of high stress. 4744 CORRECTION

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The energetic cost of filtration by demosponges and their behavioural response to ambient currents

Ludeman

Reidenbach

Leys

2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…The dominant SST signals in 2012 were a very warm band along the coast of Alaska signifying the ACC, and a cold band along the Russian continent associated with the SCC (Figure 5f). Despite the record low sea ice extent in 2012 (e.g., Timmermans et al, 2012), large amounts of ice were present locally in the Chukchi Sea throughout the summer because of generally weak winds and cooler surface temperatures (Wood et al, 2015, in this issue).…”

Section: Atmospheric Forcingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Patterns of Benthic Fauna and Zooplankton in the Chukchi Sea and Physical Forcing

Pisareva¹,

Pickart²,

Iken³

et al. 2015

Oceanog

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“…food is not limited) and suggests that there is no adaptive value to use passive, or current-induced flow. However, suspension feeders do seem to take advantage of passive flow – water filtration driven by the physical properties of the flow itself [4], [5], [6]– and in some instances passive flow appears to reduce the energetic costs of feeding [7]. This is especially apparent in the case of sponges (Porifera), where the amount of food available is directly proportional to the amount it can pump.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Sponge Pump: The Role of Current Induced Flow in the Design of the Sponge Body Plan

et al. 2011

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Sponges are suspension feeders that use flagellated collar-cells (choanocytes) to actively filter a volume of water equivalent to many times their body volume each hour. Flow through sponges is thought to be enhanced by ambient current, which induces a pressure gradient across the sponge wall, but the underlying mechanism is still unknown. Studies of sponge filtration have estimated the energetic cost of pumping to be <1% of its total metabolism implying there is little adaptive value to reducing the cost of pumping by using “passive” flow induced by the ambient current. We quantified the pumping activity and respiration of the glass sponge Aphrocallistes vastus at a 150 m deep reef in situ and in a flow flume; we also modeled the glass sponge filtration system from measurements of the aquiferous system. Excurrent flow from the sponge osculum measured in situ and in the flume were positively correlated (r>0.75) with the ambient current velocity. During short bursts of high ambient current the sponges filtered two-thirds of the total volume of water they processed daily. Our model indicates that the head loss across the sponge collar filter is 10 times higher than previously estimated. The difference is due to the resistance created by a fine protein mesh that lines the collar, which demosponges also have, but was so far overlooked. Applying our model to the in situ measurements indicates that even modest pumping rates require an energetic expenditure of at least 28% of the total in situ respiration. We suggest that due to the high cost of pumping, current-induced flow is highly beneficial but may occur only in thin walled sponges living in high flow environments. Our results call for a new look at the mechanisms underlying current-induced flow and for reevaluation of the cost of biological pumping and its evolutionary role, especially in sponges.

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Flow and conduit formation in the external fluid-transport system of a suspension feeder

Cited by 10 publications

References 21 publications

The energetic cost of filtration by demosponges and their behavioural response to ambient currents

The energetic cost of filtration by demosponges and their behavioural response to ambient currents

The Relationship Between Patterns of Benthic Fauna and Zooplankton in the Chukchi Sea and Physical Forcing

The Sponge Pump: The Role of Current Induced Flow in the Design of the Sponge Body Plan

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