Flow-Cell Analysis

L’Annunziata, Michael F.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-384873-4.00017-7

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 226 publications

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“…Materials are also referred to by their stopping power, which is the average energy dissipated by ionization radiation per unit length of travel. [74] The drift length is given by the product between μ𝜏 and the electric field (E) within the active channel. Thus, a high μ𝜏 product is necessary for charge-carriers to be extracted from the large interaction volume within which ionizing radiation is absorbed.…”

Section: High Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Halide Perovskites and Their Derivatives for Efficient, High‐Resolution Direct Radiation Detection: Design Strategies and Applications

Dudipala,

Le,

Nie

et al. 2023

Advanced Materials

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The past decade has witnessed the rapid rise in performance of optoelectronic devices based on lead‐halide perovskites (LHPs). The large mobility‐lifetime products and defect tolerance of these materials, essential for optoelectronics, also make them well‐suited for radiation detectors, especially given the heavy elements present, which is essential for strong X‐ray and γ‐ray attenuation. Over the past decade, LHP thick films, wafers and single crystals have given rise to direct radiation detectors that have outperformed incumbent technologies in terms of sensitivity (reported values up to 3.5×106 μC Gyair−1 cm−2), limit of detection (directly measured values down to 1.5 nGyair s−1), along with competitive energy and imaging resolution at room temperature. At the same time, lead‐free perovskite‐inspired materials (e.g., methylammonium bismuth iodide), which have underperformed in solar cells, have recently matched and, in some areas (e.g., in polarization stability), surpassed the performance of LHP detectors. These advances open up opportunities to achieve devices for safer medical imaging, as well as more effective non‐invasive analysis for security, nuclear safety or product inspection. Herein, we discuss the principles behind the rapid rises in performance of LHP and perovskite‐inspired material detectors, and how their properties and performance link with critical applications in non‐invasive diagnostics. We discuss the key strategies to engineer the performance of these materials, and the important challenges to overcome to commercialize these new technologies.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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Section: High Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Halide Perovskites and Their Derivatives for Efficient, High‐Resolution Direct Radiation Detection: Design Strategies and Applications

Dudipala,

Le,

Nie

et al. 2023

Advanced Materials

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“…the type of the detector material [5][6][7]. The quality of such pulse discrimination is fundamentally dependent on the properties of the used detectors and their pulses shapes.…”

Section: Jinst 14 P06017mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulse shape discrimination based on Fractional Discrete Cosine Transform

2019

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One of the most serious errors in PET systems is the parallax error, which occurs due to spatial resolution limitation in PET. This error can be solved by using multilayer scintillation detector (phoswish detector) where each layer has a different decay constant. Each phoswish detector is optically coupled to a single PMT. Hence, by applying pulse shape discrimination (PSD) methods to identify the scintillated layer, the parallax error can be reduced. This paper proposes a PSD method relied on a Fractional Discrete Cosine Transform (FrDCT) and a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. The proposed method can be used to differentiate between two arbitrary types of scintillation pulses where each type has a different decay constant. For demonstration of its performance, the proposed FrDCT-based method is applied to a data set of scintillation pulses of LSO and LuYAP crystals. Furthermore, FrDCT with different factors as well as different kernels of SVM; such as Linear, Quadratic, and Radial Basis Function (RBF) kernels, are used to study their effects on the discrimination efficiency. The highest achieved efficiency is equal to 95.9% for the 0.9 factor of FrDCT using a quadratic kernel SVM. On the other hand, the linear kernel consumes the lowest execution time at the expense of slightly reducing the discrimination efficiency. K: Detectors for Beta autoradiography; Digital signal processing (DSP); Image reconstruction in medical imaging; Scintillators, scintillation and light emission processes (solid, gas and liquid scintillators) 1Corresponding author.

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“…Radioactive strontium-90 ( 90 Sr; half-life = 28.79 years 11 ), a pure β-particle emitter (0.55 MeV max., 100% yield), deposits and locally accumulates in specific parts of the body, such as the teeth and bone, 12,13 as well as in the soils and rocks. 7 90 Sr and the generated daughter nuclide 90 Y exert a significant detrimental effect on the eyes and mucous membranes due to their long range distance of particles ( 90 Sr = 400 cm in air 14 ). Consequently, cancers, such as osteosarcoma, occur because of long-term localized irradiation in specific parts of the body.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Quantification of Attogram Levels of Strontium-90 in Microscale Biosamples Using Isotope Dilution-Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry Assisted by Quadrupole Energy Filtering

et al. 2023

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Although thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) has been employed for the high-precision analysis of isotope ratios, direct quantification of artificial mono-nuclide in the environment is difficult by even using isotope dilution (ID) due to the coexistence of the great magnitude of natural stable nuclides or isobars. In traditional TIMS and ID-TIMS, a sufficient amount of stable Sr doped on a filament is required to realize a stable and adequate ion-beam intensity (i.e., thermally ionized beams). However, the background noise (BGN) at m/z 90, detected by an electron multiplier, disturbs 90Sr analysis at low concentration levels due to peak tailing of a significant 88Sr ion beam dependent on the 88Sr-doping amount. Here, TIMS assisted by quadruple energy filtering was successfully employed for the direct quantification of attogram levels of an artificial monoisotopic radionuclide strontium-90 (90Sr) in microscale biosamples. Direct quantification was achieved by integrating the ID quantification of natural Sr and simultaneous 90Sr/86Sr isotope ratio analysis. Additionally, the measurement amount calculated by the combination of the ID and intercalibration was corrected for the net result amount of 90Sr by subtracting dark noise and the detected amount derived from the survived 88Sr, which are equivalent with the BGN intensity at m/z 90. Background correction revealed that the detection limits were in the range of 6.15 × 10–2–3.90 × 10–1 ag (0.31–1.95 μBq), depending on the concentration of natural Sr in a 1 μL sample, and the quantification of 0.98 ag (5.0 μBq) of 90Sr in 0–300 mg/L of natural Sr was successful. This method could analyze small sample quantities (1 μL), and the quantitative results were verified against authorized radiometric analysis techniques. Furthermore, the amount of 90Sr in actual teeth was successfully quantified. This method will be a powerful tool for measuring 90Sr in the measurement of micro-samples, which are required to assess and understand the degree of internal radiation exposure.

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Flow-Cell Analysis

Cited by 14 publications

References 226 publications

Halide Perovskites and Their Derivatives for Efficient, High‐Resolution Direct Radiation Detection: Design Strategies and Applications

Halide Perovskites and Their Derivatives for Efficient, High‐Resolution Direct Radiation Detection: Design Strategies and Applications

Pulse shape discrimination based on Fractional Discrete Cosine Transform

Direct Quantification of Attogram Levels of Strontium-90 in Microscale Biosamples Using Isotope Dilution-Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry Assisted by Quadrupole Energy Filtering

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