Polymer flooding, which has been successfully used in numerous enhanced oil recovery EOR projects in the world, was able to promote oil recovery by to % of original oil in place OOIP . When a reservoir is flooded with viscous polymer solution, the mobility ratio between water and oil becomes more favorable relative to conventional waterflooding, which leads to a significant increase in the volumetric sweep efficiency. Furthermore, recent research based on laboratory studies and pilot field testing has proved that the displacement efficiency at pore scale can also be improved due to the elasticity of polymer solution. Therefore, this chapter first introduces the recovery mechanisms that have been proposed to explain oil displacement by polymer flooding within oil reservoirs. The development of EOR polymers from chemical structure to physical property is also reviewed. The experience and learning of polymer flooding accumulated in the last years in the Daqing Oilfield, China, which is the most successful oilfield in the world implementing polymer flooding technique, are summarized and discussed. The aim of this chapter is to provide a synopsis of polymer flooding as an emerging and advantageous EOR process and also provide a guideline for pilot design.