Flow chemistry using milli- and microstructured reactors—From conventional to novel process windows

Illg, T Tobias; Löb, Patrick; Hessel, Volker

doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2010.03.073

Cited by 167 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…A promising alternative in this direction is flow chemistry, i.e., chemical synthesis not traditionally performed batchwise in stirred tanks, but using continuous flow through milli-and microstructured reactors [8].…”

Section: Current Trends In Carbohydrate Oxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Main features of microreactors are high specific surface area (order of magnitude higher than for traditional reactors), excellent heat transfer, enhanced mixing, and minimized influence on mass/diffusion transport limitations compared to conventional reactors [8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Moreover, novel process windows, unusual process conditions far from conventional practice, are explored [8].…”

Section: Current Trends In Carbohydrate Oxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microstructured reactors even when applied in conventional process windows already bring advantage in operation [8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. But, when process conditions far from the usual practice are applied, process intensification may be further maximized by adding an additional chemical intensification field.…”

Section: Novel Process Windows For Glucose Oxidation: Formulation Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, under flow conditions, simplification and integration of a process is achieved [8]. In conventional processes the exothermicity of the reaction limits the speed of reactant dosing.…”

Section: Process Simplification and Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

From a Review of Noble Metal versus Enzyme Catalysts for Glucose Oxidation Under Conventional Conditions Towards a Process Design Analysis for Continuous-flow Operation

Dencic¹,

Meuldijk²,

Croon³

et al. 2011

J Flow Chem

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A methodology for the ex ante evaluation of different processing options is proposed. Current processes for glucose oxidation and possible improvements using microreactor technology are investigated. As twofold prime research objectives, the oxidation with noble metal catalyst versus enzymatic oxidation and the oxidation under conventional process conditions versus under Novel Process Windows are explored. Operation and design of an active and stable catalyst, reactor performance, and work-up are included. This ex ante analysis gives information of the critical aspects of a process prior to technology development and facilitates the development of new process routes; especially valuable if step and paradigm changing routes are undertaken, with even no vague idea on their performance potential and with high technological risk. The methodology used for gluconic acid production will be transferred to other chemicals which have the potential in using microreactor technology and Novel Process Windows.

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Section: Current Trends In Carbohydrate Oxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Current Trends In Carbohydrate Oxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Novel Process Windows For Glucose Oxidation: Formulation Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Process Simplification and Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

From a Review of Noble Metal versus Enzyme Catalysts for Glucose Oxidation Under Conventional Conditions Towards a Process Design Analysis for Continuous-flow Operation

Dencic¹,

Meuldijk²,

Croon³

et al. 2011

J Flow Chem

Self Cite

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“…Flow-chemistry in organic synthesis using micro processing is now well-established as a technology for continuous production of complex organic molecules [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Pd and Cu-catalyzed C-C, C-N, C-S and C-O coupling reactions and Cu-catalyzed Simmons-Smith cyclopropanation reactions have been widely developed and applied in flow processes [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave-assisted Cu-catalyzed Ullmann ether synthesis in a continuous-flow milli-plant

Benaskar

Patil

Engels

et al. 2012

Chemical Engineering Journal

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The combination of milli-scale processing and microwave heating has been investigated for the Cu-catalyzed Ullmann etherification in fine-chemical synthesis, providing improved catalytic activity and selective catalyst heating. Wall-coated and fixed-bed milli-reactors were designed and applied in the Cu-catalyzed Ullmann-type C-O coupling of phenol and 4-chloropyridine. In a batch reactor the results show clearly increased yields for the microwave heated process at low microwave powers, whereas high powers and catalyst loadings reduced the benefits of microwave heating. Slightly higher yields were found in the Cu/ZnO wallcoated as compared to the Cu/TiO 2 fixed-bed flow-reactor. The benefit here is that the reaction occurs at the surface of the metal nanoparticles confined within a support film making the nano-copper equally accessible. Catalyst deactivation was mainly caused by Cu oxidation and coke formation; however, at longer process times leaching played a significant role. Catalyst 2 activity could partially be recovered by removal of deposited by-product by means of calcination. After 6 h on-stream the reactor productivities were 28.3 and 55.1 kg prod /(m R 3 •hr)for the fresh Cu/ZnO wall-coated and Cu/TiO 2 fixed-bed reactor, respectively. Comparison of single-and multimode microwaves showed a three-fold yield increase for single-mode microwaves. Control of nanoparticles size and loading allows to avoid high temperatures in a single-mode microwave field and provides a novel solution to a major problem for combining metal catalysis and microwave heating. Catalyst stability appeared to be more important and provided two-fold yield increase for the CuZn/TiO 2 catalyst as compared to the Cu/TiO 2 catalyst due to stabilized copper by preferential oxidation of the zinc. For this catalyst a threefold yield increase was observed in single-mode microwaves which, to the best of our knowledge, led to a not yet reported productivity of 172 kg prod /(m R 3 •hr) for the microwave and flow Ullmann C-O coupling.

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Flow Reactors

Buono

Gonzalez

Müslehiddinoğlu

2012

Green Techniques for Organic Synthesis and Medicinal Chemistry

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Flow chemistry using milli- and microstructured reactors—From conventional to novel process windows

Cited by 167 publications

References 33 publications

From a Review of Noble Metal versus Enzyme Catalysts for Glucose Oxidation Under Conventional Conditions Towards a Process Design Analysis for Continuous-flow Operation

From a Review of Noble Metal versus Enzyme Catalysts for Glucose Oxidation Under Conventional Conditions Towards a Process Design Analysis for Continuous-flow Operation

Microwave-assisted Cu-catalyzed Ullmann ether synthesis in a continuous-flow milli-plant

Flow Reactors

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