Flow conditioning in heat treatment gas quenching

Artificial Intelligence Modeling of the Heterogeneous Gas Quenching Process for Steel Batches Based on Numerical Simulations and Experiments

“…From the stagnation point (r = 0), the flow deflects and accelerates towards the probe edge. This trend is also observed in [2,5] and the range of values (HTC) obtained is comparable. Moreover, the HTC increases with the flow velocity.…”

“…The consideration of transformation is implemented by using isothermal transformation data, i.e., input of start and end curves of transformations is required. The evolution of the microstructure is calculated based on the JMAK equation [30], see Equation (5), where the ξ is the volumetric phase transformed, t is the time, and k and n are constants. By using an additivity rule [30,32] and the transfer to the geometry by meshing (FE), varying continuous cooling curves can be calculated.…”

“…The pitot tube and 1D-CTA (constant temperature anemometry) probes shown in Figure 4a,b are adopted to measure the flow velocity. The HTC from the single-probe analysis is measured at different spatial positions of the probe surface by means of a glued-on film probe (DANTEC) (Figure 4c) [2,5,20]. A constant temperature of 100 • C is maintained in the film probe [21] by means of the CTA system.…”

“…Gas quenching is a heat treatment process applied in the metals industry to improve the material properties [1][2][3][4][5]. In this process, for instance, a steel specimen is first heated to an austenitisation temperature and then rapidly cooled with a quenching gas such as nitrogen, helium, etc.…”

“…Therefore, the proper identification of the suitable process parameters based on the desired material properties with minimum energy consumption remains a challenging area. Several researchers investigated the gas quenching process and the influencing parameters experimentally and numerically [1,2,4,5,[8][9][10][11][12][13]; however, in these investigations, different probe geometries and probe materials are investigated. In this work, it is attempted to conclude the results together with an artificial neural network (ANN), so that the results can be further reproduced and extended for different requirements.…”