Flow cytometric and karyological analyses of Calendula species from Iberian Peninsula

Nora, Sofia; Castro, Sílvia; Loureiro, João; Gonçalves, Ana Carla; Oliveira, Helena; Castro, Mariana; Santos, Conceição; Silveira, Paulo

doi:10.1007/s00606-013-0767-0

Cited by 14 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Despite the number of studies published on the evolution in the genus Calendula, some ambiguity remains about chromosome numbers and ploidy levels. In our study, genome sizes between 2.68 ± 0.08 and 2.90 ± 0.05 pg/2C were found for the nine C. officinalis cultivars tested, which is a bit lower than the 2.97 ± 0.08 pg mentioned in literature (Nora et al, 2013). Intraspecific variations of 2C values in plants is subject to controversy.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 71%

“…Higher chromosome numbers are found in C. arvenisis (2n = 4x = 44) and in C. palaestina and C. pachysperma (2n = ± 85), which are probably autopolyploids of C. arvensis (Heyn et al, 1974). The differences in chromosome number, karyotype, genome size and ploidy level are the result of high levels of hybridization, chromosome losses and dysploidy (Nora et al, 2013), which makes taxonomy in Calendula very difficult. Nora et al (2013) used genome sizes and chromosome numbers for the evaluation of evolutionary relationships and taxonomy in Calendula.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The differences in chromosome number, karyotype, genome size and ploidy level are the result of high levels of hybridization, chromosome losses and dysploidy (Nora et al, 2013), which makes taxonomy in Calendula very difficult. Nora et al (2013) used genome sizes and chromosome numbers for the evaluation of evolutionary relationships and taxonomy in Calendula. They conclude that C. officinalis is a tetraploid plant with 32 chromosomes (2n = 4x = 32) with a genome size of 2.97 ± 0.08 pg/2C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Artificial Chromosome Doubling in Allotetraploid Calendula officinalis

et al. 2020

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Calendula officinalis L. is known as an ornamental plant as well as a source of biochemical compounds used in cosmetics and industry. C. officinalis has a complex karyotype. Published chromosome numbers differ between 2n = 4x = 28 or 32. We have estimated genome sizes in nine commercial cultivars and evaluated the ploidy level by karyotyping and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) using 5S and 45S rDNA loci. The detection of chromosome sets of two rather than four homologues would suggest that C. officinalis has an allotetraploid background. In addition, four signals for 45S but only two for 5S were found by using FISH. Artificial chromosome doubling is a common technique in plant breeding, as polyploidization results in several consequences for plant growth and development. Especially the suggested allotetraploid background in C. officinalis is interesting when examining the effect of chromosome doubling on the plant phenotype. Here we describe chromosome doubling of three allotetraploid cultivars of C. officinalis, 'Nova,' 'WUR 1553-7' and 'Orange Beauty'. Three antimitotic agents-colchicine, oryzalin and trifluralin-were used in different concentrations to find the combination of the best agent and the best dosage to obtain octaploids. For all three cultivars a few octaploids were obtained. A concentration of 200 and 400 ppm of colchicine was most efficient for chromosome doubling in 'Nova' and 'Orange Beauty,' respectively. For 'WUR 1553-7' the treatment with 20 ppm oryzalin was also effective. Cell numbers and first observations of the phenotype in the chromosome doubled plants show thicker leaves and bigger cells, as commonly observed after ploidy doubling. Due to the low number of chromosome doubled plants obtained more elaborate phenotyping will be performed on following generations cultivated under field conditions.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 71%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Artificial Chromosome Doubling in Allotetraploid Calendula officinalis

et al. 2020

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“…Genome size of different animals e.g Dairy goat (Fletcher et al, 2013) as well as different, plants has been estimated by flow cytometry like Pinus (O'Brien et al, 1996), Lemon (Iannelli et al, 1998), Arachis hypogeal (Temsch and Greilhuber, 2000), Musa (Roux et al, 2003), Atriplex halimus (Walker et al, 2005), Consolea (Negron-Ortiz, 2007), Vicia faba (Kovarova et al, 2007) Cactus (Lema-Ruminska, 2011), Coffea (Clarindo et al, 2012), Calendula species (Nora et al, 2013), Eryngium (Tavares et al, 2013), Lathyrus (Ochatt et al, 2013) and Phragmites austalis (Nakagawa et al, 2013).…”

Section: Ajabsmentioning

confidence: 99%

FLOW CYTOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF NUCLEAR DNA BETWEEN OKRA LANDRACES (<i>ABELMOSCHUS ESCULENTUS</i> L.)

Salameh¹

2014

American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences

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Okra Abelmoschus esculentus L. (Moench), is an economically important vegetable crop grown in tropical and sub-tropical as well as Mediterranean countries. The genome size of the Abelmoschus genus species is still rare. Ploidy determinations have traditionally been done by counting chromosomes of stained root tips, but this method is laborious and often difficult with species which have small chromosomes and high ploidy levels and can lead to misclassified. Flow cytometry has been widely used in various aspects of plant research, such as the determination of the DNA nuclear content. Nuclear DNA size of fifteen okra genotype was measured using flow cytometry. The data showed variation between Turkish genotype and Jordanian genotype. Genome size of okra ranged from 3.98 pg 2C −1 in Jordanian landrace to 17.67pg 2C −1 in Turkish landrace. The 2C genome size in Mbp ranged from 3897-17321 among Abelmoschus esculentus genotypes. Further studies is recommended to accurate chromosome count to be linked with the genome size.

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“…On an evolutionary scale, hybridization in Calendula has been considered one of the main factors driving diversification and formation of new species in the genus (Heyn & Joel 1983;Nora et al 2013), but the threat of hybridization to the conservation of rare species of Calendula has never been considered before. Hybridization between C. maritima and two other species, C. fulgida Raf.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybridization and competition between the endangered sea marigold (Calendula maritimaAsteraceae) and a more common congener

Plume

Raimondo

Troìa

2013

Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all As

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Hybridization and competition between the endangered sea marigold (Calendula maritima, Asteraceae) and a more common congener ARTICLE in PLANT BIOSYSTEMS · FEBRUARY 2015 Impact Factor: 1.91 · AbstractOccurrences of hybridization between the rare, endangered Sicilian endemic, Calendula maritima, and other congeners in the wild have been suspected by several authors, but never demonstrated. In San Cusumano (Trapani), one of the only three Sicilian mainland populations, C. maritima occurs in close proximity to the more common congener C. suffruticosa subsp. fulgida, and individuals morphologically intermediate between the two taxa have been observed. In order to determine whether hybridization is occurring at this site, and, if so, begin to assess the impact it could have on C. maritima, two independent tests of hybridity were conducted by studying (1) the pollen morphology and viability and (2) sequence variation in one chloroplast marker (atpI-atpH) and in the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS). Both palynological and molecular data provided evidence of hybridization between C. maritima and C. suffruticosa subsp. fulgida, and suggest that although fertility of hybrids appeared to be reduced, they are likely capable of back-crossing with parents. Thus, hybridization may be putting C. maritima at risk of extinction via introgression. Anthropogenic habitat disturbance and expansion of C. suffruticosa subsp. fulgida into remaining populations of C. maritima could pose a serious threat to its successful conservation.

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Flow cytometric and karyological analyses of Calendula species from Iberian Peninsula

Cited by 14 publications

References 37 publications

Artificial Chromosome Doubling in Allotetraploid Calendula officinalis

Artificial Chromosome Doubling in Allotetraploid Calendula officinalis

FLOW CYTOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF NUCLEAR DNA BETWEEN OKRA LANDRACES (<i>ABELMOSCHUS ESCULENTUS</i> L.)

Hybridization and competition between the endangered sea marigold (Calendula maritimaAsteraceae) and a more common congener

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