Flow cytometry in the diagnosis of lymphomas

Parker, Jōhn W.

doi:10.1002/cyto.990090809

“…Flow cytometry is a sensitive method for the quantitative analysis of changes in the cellular makeup of blood and tissues by the use of immuno-fluorescent markers to distinguish the different cellular subpopulations. The majority of the useful markers are antibodies and the technique has been used extensively in the study of changes in populations of lymphocytes in diseases of the blood (Parker 1988;Kipps et al 1992). The methodology used for the study of cytokines by flow cytometry is essentially the same as that established for any other fluorescent marker used in the technique (Porter et al 1996).…”

Section: Flow Cytometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

The functions of cytokines and their uses in toxicology

Foster

¹

2001

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Cytokines are critical controllers of cell, and hence tissue, growth, migration, development and differentiation. The family includes the inflammatory cytokines such as the interleukins and interferons, growth factors such as epidermal and hepatocyte growth factor and chemokines such as the macrophage inflammatory proteins, MIP-1alpha and MIP-1beta. They do not include the peptide and steroid hormones of the endocrine system. Cytokines have important roles in chemically induced tissue damage repair, in cancer development and progression, in the control of cell replication and apoptosis, and in the modulation of immune reactions such as sensitization. They have the potential for being sensitive markers of chemically induced perturbations in function but from a toxicological point of view, the detection of cytokine changes in the whole animal is limited by the fact that they are locally released, with plasma measures being generally unreliable or irrelevant, and they have short half lives which require precise timing to detect. Even where methodology is adequate the interpretation of the downstream effects of high, local concentrations of a particular cytokine is problematic because of their interdependence and the pleiotropism of their action. A range of techniques exist for their measurement including those dependent upon antibodies specific for the respective cytokines, but with the introduction of genomic and proteomic technology, a more complete study of cytokine changes occurring under the influence of chemical toxicity should be possible. Their further study, as markers of chemical toxicity, will undoubtedly lead to a greater understanding of how synthetic molecules perturb normal cell biology and if, and how, this can be avoided by more intuitive molecular design in the future.

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“…Flow cytometry is a sensitive method for the quantitative analysis of changes in the cellular makeup of blood and tissues by the use of immuno‐fluorescent markers to distinguish the different cellular subpopulations. The majority of the useful markers are antibodies and the technique has been used extensively in the study of changes in populations of lymphocytes in diseases of the blood (Parker 1988; Kipps et al . 1992).…”

Section: Methodology For the Study Of Cytokinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The functions of cytokines and their uses in toxicology

Foster

¹

2001

Int J Experimental Path

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cytokines are critical controllers of cell, and hence tissue, growth, migration, development and differentiation. The family includes the inflammatory cytokines such as the interleukins and interferons, growth factors such as epidermal and hepatocyte growth factor and chemokines such as the macrophage inflammatory proteins, MIP-1alpha and MIP-1beta. They do not include the peptide and steroid hormones of the endocrine system. Cytokines have important roles in chemically induced tissue damage repair, in cancer development and progression, in the control of cell replication and apoptosis, and in the modulation of immune reactions such as sensitization. They have the potential for being sensitive markers of chemically induced perturbations in function but from a toxicological point of view, the detection of cytokine changes in the whole animal is limited by the fact that they are locally released, with plasma measures being generally unreliable or irrelevant, and they have short half lives which require precise timing to detect. Even where methodology is adequate the interpretation of the downstream effects of high, local concentrations of a particular cytokine is problematic because of their interdependence and the pleiotropism of their action. A range of techniques exist for their measurement including those dependent upon antibodies specific for the respective cytokines, but with the introduction of genomic and proteomic technology, a more complete study of cytokine changes occurring under the influence of chemical toxicity should be possible. Their further study, as markers of chemical toxicity, will undoubtedly lead to a greater understanding of how synthetic molecules perturb normal cell biology and if, and how, this can be avoided by more intuitive molecular design in the future.

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“…For many decades, flow cytometry has been the community gold standard for immune cell quantification in both research and clinical applications [13][14][15][16]. A new generation of flow cytometry instruments, spectral flow cytometers, is currently revolutionizing the field with the simultaneous use of >25 markers to assess immune cell complexity and subpopulations [17][18][19][20].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel phenotypical and functional sub‐classification of liver macrophages highlights changes in population dynamics in experimental mouse models

Nakashima,

Kearney,

Kato

et al. 2023

Cytometry Pt A

4

0

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Liver macrophages are critical components of systemic immune system defense mechanisms. F4/80high Kupffer cells (KCs) are the predominant liver‐resident macrophages and the first immune cells to contact pathogens entering the liver. F4/80low monocyte‐derived macrophages (MoMφs) are essential macrophages that modulate liver immune functions. Here we report a novel method of identifying subpopulations of these two populations using traditional flow cytometry and examine each subpopulation for its putative roles in the pathogenesis of an experimental non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis model. Using male C57BL/6 mice, we isolated and analyzed liver non‐parenchymal cells by flow cytometry. We identified F4/80high and F4/80low macrophage populations and characterized subpopulations using uniform manifold approximation and projection. We identified three subpopulations in F4/80high macrophages: CD163(+) KCs, CD163(−) KCs, and liver capsular macrophages. CD163(+) KCs had higher phagocytic and bactericidal activities and more complex cellular structures than CD163(−) KCs. We also identified four subpopulations of F4/80low MoMφs based on Ly6C and MHC class II expression: infiltrating monocytes, pro‐inflammatory MoMφs, Ly6C(−) monocytes, and conventional dendritic cells. CCR2 knock‐out mice expressed lower levels of these monocyte‐derived cells, and the count varied by subpopulation. In high‐fat‐ and cholesterol‐diet‐fed mice, only one subpopulation, pro‐inflammatory MoMφs, significantly increased in count. This indicates that changes to this subpopulation is the first step in the progression to non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis. The community can use our novel subpopulation and gating strategy to better understand complex immunological mechanisms in various liver disorders through detailed analysis of these subpopulations.

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Flow cytometry in the diagnosis of lymphomas

Cited by 6 publications

References 28 publications

The functions of cytokines and their uses in toxicology

The functions of cytokines and their uses in toxicology

The functions of cytokines and their uses in toxicology

Novel phenotypical and functional sub‐classification of liver macrophages highlights changes in population dynamics in experimental mouse models

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