Flow cytometry significantly improves the diagnostic value of fine needle aspiration cytology of lymphoproliferative lesions of salivary glands

Stacchini, Alessandra; Aliberti, Sabrina; Pacchioni, Donatella; Demurtas, Anna; Isolato, G; Gazzera, Carlo; Veltri, Andrea; Maletta, Francesca; Molinaro, Luca; Novero, Domenico

doi:10.1111/cyt.12084

Cited by 35 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…A rapid onsite evaluation and the collection of additional material for flow cytometry will increase the definitive diagnosis rate and decrease the SFM diagnosis rate. Flow cytometry can be useful for the diagnosis of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Suspicious” salivary gland FNA: Risk of malignancy and interinstitutional variability

Maleki

Miller

Arab

et al. 2017

Cancer Cytopathology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Suspicious” salivary gland FNA: Risk of malignancy and interinstitutional variability

Maleki

Miller

Arab

et al. 2017

Cancer Cytopathology

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“…FC has been proven to be of great value when there is a diagnostic dilemma between a hematologic and a reactive or inflammatory condition in which the lymphocyte infiltrate mimics lymphoma [22,23]. Small round blue neoplasms such as neuroendocrine tumors or poorly differentiated Ca and melanoma may be another diagnostic dilemma in which FC can contribute to a differential diagnosis towards lymphomas [24,25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-Tube Flow Cytometry Assay for the Detection of Mature Lymphoid Neoplasms in Paucicellular Samples

Stacchini

Demurtas²,

Aliberti³

et al. 2016

Acta Cytologica

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Objectives: Flow cytometry (FC) has become a useful support for cytomorphologic evaluation (CM) of fine-needle aspirates (FNA) and serous cavity effusions (SCE) in cases of suspected non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). FC results may be hampered by the scarce viability and low cellularity of the specimens. Study Design: We developed a single-tube FC assay (STA) that included 10 antibodies cocktailed in 8-color labeling, a cell viability dye, and a logical gating strategy to detect NHL in hypocellular samples. The results were correlated with CM and confirmed by histologic or molecular data when available. Results: UsingtheSTA, we detected B-type NHL in 31 out of 103 hypocellular samples (81 FNA and 22 SCE). Of these, 8 were not confirmed by CM and 2 were considered to be only suspicious. The FC-negative samples had a final diagnosis of benign/reactive process (42/72), carcinoma (27/72), or Hodgkin lymphoma (3/72). Conclusions: The STA approach allowed obtainment of maximum immunophenotyping data in specimens containing a low number of cells and a large amount of debris. The information obtained by STA can help cytomorphologists not only to recognize but also to exclude malignant lymphomas.

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“…In addition, the expression level of each marker can be roughly quantitated. The utility of FC in extranodal lymphoproliferative lesions is similar to that in lymph nodes . Table summarizes the major applications of FC in diagnosing NHL.…”

Section: Essential Up‐to‐date Ancillary Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lymph node cytopathology: Essential ancillary studies as applied to lymphoproliferative neoplasms

Jin

Wakely

2018

Cancer Cytopathology

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Ancillary testing is absolutely integral to the correct recognition and classification of lymphoid neoplasms as procured with the fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy technique. In patients with a newly diagnosed lymphoid neoplasm, immunophenotyping with flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, or both is a standard that is currently expected by oncologists before any form of therapy is initiated. This is often the case also for patients with recurrent/relapsed disease. The cellular material obtained with FNA is perfectly suited to meet this demand. That said, the exceptional complexity of modern-day lymphoma classification often precludes definitive subclassification in a subset of lymphomas for a variety of reasons with the FNA biopsy technique, even with the application of ancillary tests. These include a requirement for definitive knowledge of the nodal architecture (eg, Hodgkin lymphoma), of the histologic grade via the counting of cells per microscopic field (follicular lymphoma), and of molecular findings (often unobtainable because of limitations of cellularity). The application of molecular tests to lymph node aspirates continues to evolve but is still largely confined to specialized medical centers. The intent of this article is to briefly review the diagnostic approach and algorithm for handling lymph node aspirates at the authors' own laboratory. This article highlights what the authors and others consider to be essential ancillary tests and discusses their respective advantages and shortcomings. It lists limited and extended antibody panels and molecular tests that the authors have found helpful not only for correctly recognizing lymphoma with FNA cytopathology but also for subtyping lymphomas whenever possible.

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Flow cytometry significantly improves the diagnostic value of fine needle aspiration cytology of lymphoproliferative lesions of salivary glands

Abstract: FC is fundamental for the diagnosis of lymphoproliferative lesions of the salivary glands. It may solve cytologically suspicious cases and detect the presence of neoplastic B or T cells. This combined approach reduces the time to therapy and may prevent unnecessary surgical biopsies.

Cited by 35 publications

References 29 publications

“Suspicious” salivary gland FNA: Risk of malignancy and interinstitutional variability

“Suspicious” salivary gland FNA: Risk of malignancy and interinstitutional variability

Single-Tube Flow Cytometry Assay for the Detection of Mature Lymphoid Neoplasms in Paucicellular Samples

Lymph node cytopathology: Essential ancillary studies as applied to lymphoproliferative neoplasms

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