Flow disturbances at the apex and lateral angles of a variety of bifurcation models and their role in development and manifestations of arterial disease.

Malcolm, Alasdair D.; Roach, Margot R.

doi:10.1161/01.str.10.3.335

Cited by 31 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Malcolm and Roach [7] in an experimental investigation, evaluated the significance of the angle of division of a vessel in altering haemodynamics with its effect on the development of atherosclerotic lesions in its branches. They showed that shear stress was substantially reduced on the lateral wall of daughter branches with an increase in atherogenesis by asymmetry or irregularity of the division; imbalances of the relative flows down the daughter branches and an increased angle of division.…”

Section: Angle Of Division Of Left Main Coronary Arterymentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of left main coronary artery morphology on the distribution of atherosclerotic lesions in its branches

Ajayi

Lazarus

Vanker³

et al. 2013

Folia Morphol

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Section: Angle Of Division Of Left Main Coronary Arterymentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of left main coronary artery morphology on the distribution of atherosclerotic lesions in its branches

Ajayi

Lazarus

Vanker³

et al. 2013

Folia Morphol

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“…Recent model studies in our lab [Houle and Roach, 1981;Malcolm and Roach, 1979] suggest that both the area ratio and the curva ture of the bifurcation probably play a role in determining how the flow divides at the apex of a bifurcation. In spite of the obvious im portance of bifurcation geometry there has been no detailed analysis of the precise shape of the apical or branching region where the trunk divides into two or more branches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computer-Based Video Analysis of Cerebral Arterial Geometry Using the Natural Fluorescence of the Arterial Wall and Contrast Enhancement Techniques

Macfarlane¹,

Petrowski²,

Rigutto³

et al. 1983

J Vasc Res

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The walls of mammalian arteries fluoresce with ultraviolet excitation in the wavelength range of 350–400 nm. We are using this property of natural fluorescence in conjunction with episcopic fluorescence microscopy, frozen section techniques, selective contrast enhancement, and a semi-automatic computer-based video analysis system to obtain dimensional data and 3-D coordinate maps of cerebral bifurcation geometry. The computer-video analysis system, comprised of commercially available video components, a Cromemco Z2D Computer, and electronic components built in our lab has a resolution of ± 1/256 mm at full-screen magnification. Our technique is based upon measurement of the video image of the block face during frozen sectioning of cerebral bifurcations. This technique allows us to obtain axially symmetric coordinate maps of cerebral bifurcation geometry without the use of block markers. In addition to mapping lumenal and adventitial surfaces the system can be used to map atheromatous lesions and the outline of the internal elastic lamina. Our initial geometrical data suggest a linear increase of 50–60% in cross-sectional area in the apical region and widening of the apical region in the plane of the daughter branches.

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“…Other researchers have studied the various fluid dynamic effects of branching because of their presumed importance to atherogenesis. 8 " 14 On the other hand, neither flow-divider offset nor angular asymmetry have received similar attention. The purpose of this paper is to call attention to the variability in these other parmeters and to present their distributions and those of branch angle among human aortic bifurcations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of the geometric parameters of human aortic bifurcations.

Bargeron¹,

Hutchins²,

Moore³

et al. 1986

Arteriosclerosis

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I n a recent study using human arterial casts, Friedman et al. 1 identified four geometric features of aortic bifurcations whose variation from one individual to another resulted in significant variability in the hemodynamic shear stress at particular sites on the vessel wall. The four specific geometric features were:1. A large angle of one or both daughters with the aortic axis; 2. A flow divider that did not lie on the axis of the terminal aorta, called flow divider offset; 3. An iliac artery that made a large angle with the aortic axis while the other one closely followed that axis; 4. A gentle intrusion of the arterial wall into the flow as the flow divider was approached.The first three of these characteristics resulted experimentally in regions of inordinately low shear. In a related investigation, we demonstrated a negative correlation between interfacial shear rate and intimal thickness. 2 In view of the association between intimal thickening and arterial pathology, this paper focuses on branch angle, angular asymmetry, and flow divider offset. The possible importance of branch angle has been recognized and discussed in earlier literature. Saltissi et al. 3 and Sharp et al. 4 related arterial branch angle to the incidence of occlusive disease. Hutchins et al., 5 Raso et al., 6 and Lee et al. 7 have published anatomical studies of arterial features including branch angle. Other researchers have studied the various fluid dynamic effects of branching because of their presumed importance to atherogenesis. 8 " 14 On the other hand, neither flow-divider offset nor angular asymmetry have received similar attention. The purpose of this paper is to call attention to the variability in these other parmeters and to present their distributions and those of branch angle among human aortic bifurcations.We carried out a retrospective study to determine objectively the distributions of angles and offsets within a collection of 70 aortic bifurcations. We created computer routines that calculated these quantities using as input the wall contours obtained from frontal-plane radiographs of these arterial segments. MethodsThe aortic bifurcations were obtained at autopsy. Of the 70 specimens, 42 were from women and 28 were from men. The mean age of the women was 57.3 ± 14.8 years (SD), with a range of 21 to 80 years. The mean age of the men was 57.3 ± 1 8 . 1 years, with a range of 16 to 81 years. The arteries were cannulated and perfused with a 4% formaldehyde solution that was maintained under a hydrostatic pressure head equivalent to the blood pressure recorded during life. The pressure was maintained

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Flow disturbances at the apex and lateral angles of a variety of bifurcation models and their role in development and manifestations of arterial disease.

Cited by 31 publications

References 30 publications

The impact of left main coronary artery morphology on the distribution of atherosclerotic lesions in its branches

The impact of left main coronary artery morphology on the distribution of atherosclerotic lesions in its branches

Computer-Based Video Analysis of Cerebral Arterial Geometry Using the Natural Fluorescence of the Arterial Wall and Contrast Enhancement Techniques

Distribution of the geometric parameters of human aortic bifurcations.

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