1996
DOI: 10.1002/elan.1140080307
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Flow injection amperometric detection of ammonia using a polypyrrole‐modified electrode and its application in urea and creatinine biosensors

Abstract: The interaction of unprotonated ammonia molecules with polypyrrole (PPy) is employed for the amperometric detection of ammonia with the use of an anodically polarized platinum electrode modified with PPy as the working electrode. The polymer was obtained by electropolymerization in potentiostatic conditions from aqueous solutions. Chloride was found to be the most suitable dopant for PPy from several dopants studied. Satisfactory dynamic characteristics of detection permit its application to the determination … Show more

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Cited by 48 publications
(33 citation statements)
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“…This film may range from a single molecular layer to several mm thick. Examples of materials used to modify electrodes include mercury for the polarographic determination of trace metals (Devitre et al, 1991), probably the most common electrode modification, conducting polymers (Dhawan et al, 1997), gels (Tercier-Waeber et al, 1998;Tercier-Waeber et al, 1999), polymers loaded with enzymes and redox mediators (Grundig et al, 1995;Bartlett et al, 1998;Cosnier et al, 1999), doped polymers (Trojanowicz et al, 1996), molecular constructions tethered to the electrode surface and nanostructured materials (Evans et al, 2002;Imokawa et al, 2006). The electrodes may be passive as in potentiometry or active as in amperometry and impedimetry.…”
Section: Overview Of Electrochemical Techniques and Electrochemical Smentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…This film may range from a single molecular layer to several mm thick. Examples of materials used to modify electrodes include mercury for the polarographic determination of trace metals (Devitre et al, 1991), probably the most common electrode modification, conducting polymers (Dhawan et al, 1997), gels (Tercier-Waeber et al, 1998;Tercier-Waeber et al, 1999), polymers loaded with enzymes and redox mediators (Grundig et al, 1995;Bartlett et al, 1998;Cosnier et al, 1999), doped polymers (Trojanowicz et al, 1996), molecular constructions tethered to the electrode surface and nanostructured materials (Evans et al, 2002;Imokawa et al, 2006). The electrodes may be passive as in potentiometry or active as in amperometry and impedimetry.…”
Section: Overview Of Electrochemical Techniques and Electrochemical Smentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This technique is very sensitive and allows the detection of metal ions down to 10 −11 M (Tercier-Waeber et al, 1999). Variants include cathodic stripping voltammetry (van den Berg et al, 1991;Obata and van den Berg, 2001;Gun et al, 2006), adsorptive stripping voltammetry and potentiometric stripping analysis (this is not voltammetry as it involves a current rather than potential sweep) and are used to extend the analysis to inorganic and organic compounds.…”
Section: Voltammetrymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Trojanowicz e colaboradores demonstraram que eletrodos de platina modificados com um filme de PPy podem ser utilizados como sensores amperométricos para amônia em soluções aquosas (TROJANOWICZ et al, 1996). E mais recentemente, Lähdesmäki e colaboradores (LÄHDESMÄKI et al, 2000) apresentaram resultados para filmes de PPy e especulações quanto ao mecanismo de detecção de amônia, sem ao certo elucidar os fatos.…”
Section: Sensores Amperométricos De Amônia Baseados Em Polipirrois E unclassified
“…Alguns pesquisadores atribuem essa ineficiência ao ataque nucleofílico da amônia ou hidróxido no polímero, esse provoca uma perda na conjugação e ainda uma abertura do anel LUNDSTRÖM, 1987;GUSTAFSSON et al, 1989;TROJANOWICZ et al, 1996;LÄHDESMÄKI et al, 2000). Entretanto, foi demonstrado que mesmo após uma exposição por longo período de tempo, o filme polimérico ainda pode ser regenerado pela ciclagem do mesmo em uma solução fortemente ácida (HEIDUSCHKA et al, 1997), o que, de certa forma, invalida os mecanismo de ruptura do anel prevendo uma perda irrecuperável do eletrodo.…”
Section: Sensores Amperométricos De Amônia Baseados Em Polipirrois E unclassified
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