Flow Injection Analysis of Chloramphenicol by Using a Disposable Wall‐Jet Ring Disk Carbon Electrode

Abstract

A preanodized screen-printed ring disk carbon electrode was applied to the determination of chloramphenicol (PhÀNO 2 , CAP) by flow injection analysis (FIA). By setting up the first irreversible reduction reaction of PhÀNO 2 to PhÀNHOH at the disk electrode, the following reversible oxidation of hydroxylamine (PhÀNHOH) to the nitroso (PhÀNO) derivative can be monitored/collected at the ring electrode for CAP analysis. The interference from dissolved oxygen and others can thus be avoided by using this approach and precise CAP determination can be easily performed by FIA under aerobic conditions. Preanodization treatment helps to lower the overpotential of the electrochemical reaction of CAP and favors the selective detection in aqueous medium. Under the optimum conditions, ten repetitive determinations at 1 mM and 10 mM CAP resulted in relative standard deviations of less than 4%, indicating good reproducibility of the system. A linear calibration range of 0.1 -20 mM with a detection limit of 0.074 mM (S/N ¼ 3) was obtained. Veterinary pharmaceutics were finally analyzed by this sensor to validate its practical applicability.

Recent developments in electrochemical flow detections—A review

“…In FIA amperometric determination of chloramphenicol antibiotic, considered to be a key pharmaceutical pollutant in the environment, a commercial thin-layer cell with a disposable screen-printed ring-disk carbon electrode was reported [92]. The main idea of this approach was to set-up the first reduction at the disk electrode.…”

(Electro)Sensing of Phenicol Antibiotics—A Review

“…In this manner Liao et al, 2007 proposed a sensor using a disposable wall-jet ring disk carbon electrode. CAP was detected on this sensor by using cyclic voltammetry and amperometry coupled to a FIA setup.…”

Post‐chemiluminescence determination of chloramphenicol based on luminol–potassium periodate system

“…However, recent research reveals that CAP has toxicity derived from its action on the mitochondrial synthesis of proteins and can cause serious secondary effects. Hence, its clinical application is controlled and the administration of CAP has been banned for food‐producing animals in the European Union and the USA . Fears that the drug is still widely available in developing countries and is in common use in animal production produces concerns for public health safety.…”