Flow injection atomic absorption spectrometry: the kinetics of instrument response

Appleton, John M. H.; Tyson, Julian F.

doi:10.1039/ja9860100063

Cited by 23 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The injection of small volumes of chemical species into a pipe with transport media such as gases [5,16], liquids [15] or mixtures of gases and liquids [17] produces peaks of similar shapes, as observed by appropriate detection units [18]. Chromatographic peaks even resemble those of flow through pipes without chromatographic columns where injected volumes do not undergo separations [19,20]. Longitudinal diffusion and laminar flow characterize flow through pipes [19,21], but such concepts were not treated earlier in relation to flow through chromatographic columns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signal convolution indicates chromatographic pulse flow and open-end flow

2019

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Only slices are measured of very long segments of solute molecules that are injected into columns in chromatographic systems. Since the concentration of solute molecules changes during elution as a function of time, the observed signal should be reconstructed for a comparison of experimental results with theory. The influence of response time on the observed signal in high-performance liquid chromatography experiments was investigated in detail using a C-18 column for the measurement of caffeine in pure methanol as eluent. The response function influenced the observed signal by converting the square signal of pulse flow into a chromatographic peak. At faster linear flow rates (LFRs), the response function influenced the observed shape of the chromatographic peak, whereas diffusion dominated at slow LFRs. By convolution of the square signal with the response function, it was possible to predict the shape of the observed signal and chromatographic parameters and to provide an alternative explanation to the van Deemter equation. By using the shape of a known response function and modelling the new theory to data, it was proposed that the injected solute molecules were eluted over long distances through the chromatographic column, distances that are much longer than the physical length of the system.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signal convolution indicates chromatographic pulse flow and open-end flow

2019

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“…1). The mixing chamber model (3)(4)(5)(6) is easily usable to find the transference function of hyphenated systems. The sample chamber in this model works as a continuously stirred tank.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Optimal Sample Volume for Liquid Chromatograph–Atomic Absorption or Emission Spectrometer Hyphenated Systems

Prokisch

Kovács

Győri

1996

Microchemical Journal

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“…For many FI systems the dispersion coefficient is conveniently measured as the ratio of instrument responses to concentrations C m and CP. However, as has been pointed out 1 and discussed in some detail, 11 an atomic absorption spectrometer acts as a non-ideal detector. To account for the deviation from linearity of the response -concentration relationship, the response corre sponding to the peak maximum is converted into concentra tion via the steady-state calibration function before calcula tion of the dispersion coefficient.…”

Section: Dispersion Coefficient Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

A variable dispersion flow injection manifold for calibration and sample dilution in flame atomic absorption spectrometry

Tyson¹,

Mariara²,

Appleton³

1986

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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A flow injection (FI) introduction system for flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) has been constructed for single-standard calibration and sample dilution. Dilution factors ranging from 5.93 to 38.8 in six discrete stages were produced by replicate injection of 12.5-pl volumes into an aqueous carrier stream flowing down lines of different lengths. The dilution factors were measured for five different solutions for each line. No dependence on concentration was found and the relative standard deviations ranged from 0.75 to 3.1%. The manifold was evaluated by the analysis of solutions of magnesium (6,12.5 and 35 p.p.m.), nickel (180 p.p.m.), calcium (75 p.p.m.) and chromium (180 p.p.m.). Recoveries ranging from 95.3 to 106.8% were obtained with no over-all evidence of bias. The uncertainty in the over-all method, including a contribution from the curve-fitting procedure, was estimated to be 5%.

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Flow injection atomic absorption spectrometry: the kinetics of instrument response

Cited by 23 publications

References 13 publications

Signal convolution indicates chromatographic pulse flow and open-end flow

Signal convolution indicates chromatographic pulse flow and open-end flow

Determination of Optimal Sample Volume for Liquid Chromatograph–Atomic Absorption or Emission Spectrometer Hyphenated Systems

A variable dispersion flow injection manifold for calibration and sample dilution in flame atomic absorption spectrometry

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