“…Initial efforts to address the problem of large solvent consumption have led to a development of the FIE method. Some of these methods have been applied for cobalt extraction (Andac et al, 2001;Cao et al, 1999;Cassella et al, 2001;Dadfarnia & Jafarzadeh, 1999;Dzherayan et al, 2002;Fujimoto et al, 1999;Li et al, 2006a;Li et al, 2006b;Nogueira et al, 1998;Shabani et al, 2003;Song et al, 2006;Tsakovski et al, 2002). FIE has some advantages compared with LLE like low cost, high extraction speed and reduced solvent and sample consumption.…”