Flow injection determination of lead and cadmium in hair samples from workers exposed to welding fumes

Cespón-Romero, R.M.; Yebra-Biurrun, M.C.

doi:10.1016/j.aca.2006.11.075

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The abundance of arsenic, mercury, and cadmium resistances suggests that nonantibiotic environmental toxicants foster persistence of these multiresistant mobile elements. Arsenic is widely used in animal agriculture (Jackson and Bertsch 2001; Rutherford et al 2003), approximately 30% of the US population is directly exposed to mercury via dental amalgam restorations (Richardson et al 2011), and cadmium exposure can be occupational (Cespon-Romero and Yebra-Biurrun 2007; Wang et al 2008) or from tobacco use (Butler Walker et al 2006). There are several enterotoxins, exfoliative toxins, and pls (antiadhesion to nasal epithelial cells) (Savolainen et al 2001), as well as predicted bacteriocins/lantibiotic genes and a very common predicted abiK gene (Table S2) that may have antibacterial or antiviral effects, any or all of which might be involved in the equilibrium between being a benign commensal or life-threatening pathogen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Major Families of Multiresistant Plasmids from Geographically and Epidemiologically Diverse Staphylococci

Shearer¹,

Wireman²,

Hostetler

et al. 2011

G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics

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Staphylococci are increasingly aggressive human pathogens suggesting that active evolution is spreading novel virulence and resistance phenotypes. Large staphylococcal plasmids commonly carry antibiotic resistances and virulence loci, but relatively few have been completely sequenced. We determined the plasmid content of 280 staphylococci isolated in diverse geographical regions from the 1940s to the 2000s and found that 79% of strains carried at least one large plasmid >20 kb and that 75% of these large plasmids were 20–30 kb. Using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis, we grouped 43% of all large plasmids into three major families, showing remarkably conserved intercontinental spread of multiresistant staphylococcal plasmids over seven decades. In total, we sequenced 93 complete and 57 partial staphylococcal plasmids ranging in size from 1.3 kb to 64.9 kb, tripling the number of complete sequences for staphylococcal plasmids >20 kb in the NCBI RefSeq database. These plasmids typically carried multiple antimicrobial and metal resistances and virulence genes, transposases and recombinases. Remarkably, plasmids within each of the three main families were >98% identical, apart from insertions and deletions, despite being isolated from strains decades apart and on different continents. This suggests enormous selective pressure has optimized the content of certain plasmids despite their large size and complex organization.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Major Families of Multiresistant Plasmids from Geographically and Epidemiologically Diverse Staphylococci

Shearer¹,

Wireman²,

Hostetler

et al. 2011

G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics

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“…144,165,175 Instrumentation must be rigorously set up for analysis of hair for optimal analysis and accurate interpretation. 144,165,175 Instrumentation must be rigorously set up for analysis of hair for optimal analysis and accurate interpretation.…”

Section: Bulk Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Hair analysis as a biomonitor for toxicology, disease and health status

2011

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Hair analysis receives a large amount of academic and commercial interest for wide-ranging applications. However, in many instances, especially for elemental or 'mineral' analysis, the degree of success of analytical interpretation has been quite minimal with respect to the extent of such endeavors. In this critical review we address the questions surrounding hair analysis with specific intent of discovering what hair concentrations can actually relate to in a biogenic sense. This is done from a chemistry perspective to explain why and how elements are incorporated into hair and their meaning. This includes an overview of variables attributed to altering hair concentrations, such as age, gender, melanin content, and other less reported factors. Hair elemental concentrations are reviewed with regard to morbidity, with specific examples of disease related effects summarized. The application of hair analysis for epidemiology and etiology studies is enforced. A section is dedicated specifically to the area of population studies with regards to mercury, which highlights how endogenous and exogenous incorporation relies on species dependant metabolism and metabolic products. Many of the considerations are relevant to other areas of interest in hair analysis, such as for drug and isotopic analysis. Inclusion of a table of elemental concentrations in hair should act as a valuable reference (298 references).

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“…Like nails, a dissolution procedure is needed in order to convert hair samples into liquid prior to the measurement of trace metals. Thus, different pretreatments for the determination of metals have been proposed, mainly involving acid digestion (Manzoori and Bavili-Tabrizi 2002;Cespón-Romero and Yebra-Biurrun 2007;Rodrigues et al 2008).…”

Section: Nailmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of cadmium and lead in human biological samples by spectrometric techniques: a review

Lemos

Carvalho

2009

Environ Monit Assess

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The analysis of human biological samples, such as blood, urine, nails, and hair, is generally used for the verification of human exposure to toxic metals. In this review, various spectrometric methods for the determination of cadmium and lead in biological samples are discussed and compared. Several spectrometric techniques are presented and discussed with respect to various characteristics such as sensitivity, selectivity, and cost. Special attention is drawn to the procedures for digestion prior to the determination of cadmium and lead in hair, nails, blood, and urine.

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Flow injection determination of lead and cadmium in hair samples from workers exposed to welding fumes

Cited by 17 publications

References 13 publications

Major Families of Multiresistant Plasmids from Geographically and Epidemiologically Diverse Staphylococci

Major Families of Multiresistant Plasmids from Geographically and Epidemiologically Diverse Staphylococci

Hair analysis as a biomonitor for toxicology, disease and health status

Determination of cadmium and lead in human biological samples by spectrometric techniques: a review

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