Flow injection

Single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and its variations for the analysis of nanoparticles

“…It enables analysis with high precision, minimal sample consumption, and minimal memory effect, while allowing online dilution, reaction, etc. 55 For example, Toncelli et al used FI to carry out online dilution to facilitate monitoring of Ag NPs in seawater and measurement of Ag NPs in marine microorganisms by spICPMS. 56 However, the above publication did not take advantage of an important feature of FI that leads to an alternative calibration strategy, as demonstrated in a proof-of-concept paper.…”

“…It enables analysis with high precision, minimal sample consumption, and minimal memory effect, while allowing online dilution, reaction, etc. 55 For example, Toncelli et al used FI to carry out online dilution to facilitate monitoring of Ag NPs in seawater and measurement of Ag NPs in marine microorganisms by spICPMS. 56…”

Flow techniques in the analysis of biological samples by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry – a review

“…26 Additionally, the risk of contamination can be minimised because matrix separation and pre-concentration of analytes can be performed online, together with various calibration strategies in a closed system. 17,27,28 The continuous ow of the carrier in FA-ICP-MS reduces memory effects and shortens the washout times. 29 A FA system can be constructed in the lab using simple elements such as an injection or selection valve, tubes made of polypropylene (PP), polytetrauoroethylene (PTFE), or poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), and liquid delivery units (pressurised bottles, peristaltic pumps, and syringe pumps).…”

“…16 It is based on a discrete sample volume injection into a carrier stream that continuously ows to the detector. 17 Air bubbles can also be introduced into the system for the segmentation of the carrier, which reduces the dispersion of the samples. 18,19 In SI systems, the sample and reagent aliquots are sequentially aspirated creating a stack of well-dened zones introduced into a holding coil.…”