Flow-mediated vasodilation of the femoral and brachial artery induced by exercise in healthy nonsmoking and smoking men

Gaenzer, Hannes; Neumayr, Günther; Marschang, Peter; Sturm, Wolfgang; Kirchmair, Rudolf; Patsch, Josef R.

doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(01)01575-3

Cited by 89 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…During recovery following each exercise, an increased blood flow in the working skeletal muscle returns to the resting levels in a manner described as "a single exponential decay". This relationship has been shown in handgrip (Shoemaker et al, 1994;Kagaya and Homma, 1997;Byström et al, 1998;van Beekvelt et al, 2001), knee extension (Sjøgaard et al, 1988;Rådegran, 1997;Osada et al, 1999), plantar flexion (Leyk et al, 1994;Leyk et al, 1999) and for a bicycle exercise (Gaenzer et al, 2001). FBF during recovery after IHE fitted a single exponential curve.…”

Section: Time Constant (Tc)supporting

confidence: 61%

Post-exercise Hyperemia after Ischemic and Non-ischemic Isometric Handgrip Exercise

Osada

Katsumura

Murase

et al. 2003

J. Physiol. Anthropol.

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Post-exercise related time course of muscle oxygenation during recovery provides valuable information on peripheral vascular disease. The purpose of the present study was to examine post-exercise hyperemia (forearm blood flow; FBF, Doppler ultrasound) assessed by peak FBF, excess FBF and the time constant for FBF (FBF Tc ) following isometric handgrip exercise (IHE). Post-exercise hyperemia was assessed in an ischemic and non-ischemic state at different exercise intensities and durations. Peak FBF and excess FBF were defined as the maximum FBF during recovery, and the total amount of FBF volume, respectively. FBF Tc represents the time to reach approximately 37% of the change in FBF between peak FBF and resting FBF (delta peak FBF). Ten subjects performed IHE at "10% and 30% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC)" for 2 min with or without arterial occlusion (AO), followed by 2 min of AO alone (Study I). In Study II, six subjects performed 30%MVC-IHE with AO for "100%, 66%, 33% and 10% of the exhausted exercise duration" (time to exhaustion). In Study I, although peak FBF and excess FBF were significantly higher in ischemic than non-ischemic IHE for both 10% and 30%MVC (pϽ0.05), FBF Tc was similar in the ischemic and non-ischemic conditions. The peak FBF, excess FBF and FBF Tc were all significantly higher at 30% than at 10%MVC (pϽ0.05). In Study II, the peak FBF and excess FBF increased linearly compared to the absolute and relative exercise durations for ischemic IHE. FBF Tc increased exponentially when compared to the absolute and relative exercise durations. These data suggest the ischemic exercise has a larger hyperemic response compared to the non-ischemic exercise. In conclusion, the peak FBF, excess FBF and FBF Tc seen during post-exercise hyperemia are closely correlated with exercise intensity and duration, not only in non-ischemic, but also in the ischemic exercise. In combination with the ischemic exercise, these parameters could potentially prove to be valuable indicators of peripheral vascular disease.

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Section: Time Constant (Tc)supporting

confidence: 61%

Post-exercise Hyperemia after Ischemic and Non-ischemic Isometric Handgrip Exercise

Osada

Katsumura

Murase

et al. 2003

J. Physiol. Anthropol.

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“…This physiological flow-dependent vasodilator response of conduit arteries is also seen during exercise. For example, Gaenzer et al observed that bicycle exercise leads to vasodilation of the femoral artery, which correlated with brachial artery FMD (27).…”

Section: Physiological Roles Of the Vascular Endotheliummentioning

confidence: 99%

Central Role of eNOS in the Maintenance of Endothelial Homeostasis

Heiß

Rodriguez-Mateos

Kelm

2015

Antioxidants & Redox Signaling

175

133

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Significance: Disruption of endothelial function is considered a key event in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is a central regulator of cellular function that is important to maintain endothelial homeostasis. Recent Advances: Endothelial homeostasis encompasses acute responses such as adaption of flow to tissue's demand and more sustained responses to injury such as reendothelialization and sprouting of endothelial cells (ECs) and attraction of circulating angiogenic cells (CAC), both of which support repair of damaged endothelium. The balance and the intensity of endothelial damage and repair might be reflected by changes in circulating endothelial microparticles (EMP) and CAC. Flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) is a generally accepted clinical read-out of NO-dependent vasodilation, whereas EMP are upcoming prognostically validated markers of endothelial injury and CAC are reflective of the regenerative capacity with both expressing a functional eNOS. These markers can be integrated in a clinical endothelial phenotype, reflecting the net result between damage from risk factors and endogenous repair capacity with NO representing a central signaling molecule. Critical Issues: Improvements of reproducibility and observer independence of FMD measurements and definitions of relevant EMP and CAC subpopulations warrant further research. Future Directions: Endothelial homeostasis may be a clinical therapeutic target for cardiovascular health maintenance. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 22, 1230Signal. 22, -1242

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“…Using a vessel wall movement detector, this 3-month study showed that weight loss increased carotid artery distensibility but found no additional benefit from adding an exercise component to the weight loss program. In contrast, improvement in macrovascular endothelium-dependent vasodilation was reported after acute (16) and chronic exercise programs (11,17) that did not include a weight reduction component. One study (11) found that 3 months of physical training enhanced brachial artery FMD in patients with the polymetabolic syndrome, and a second study (17) observed that 12 weeks of aerobic and resistance training improved brachial artery FMD in subjects with type 2 diabetes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

Lifestyle Modification Improves Endothelial Function in Obese Subjects With the Insulin Resistance Syndrome

et al. 2003

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OBJECTIVE -Endothelial dysfunction has been reported in type 2 diabetic patients and in obese subjects with insulin resistance syndrome (IRS). This study evaluates the effects of weight reduction and exercise on vascular reactivity of the macro-and the microcirculation in obese subjects with IRS.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -We studied 24 obese subjects (9 men and 15 women, age 49.3 Ϯ 1.9 years, BMI 36.7 Ϯ 0.94 kg/m 2 , mean Ϯ SEM) with IRS at baseline and after 6 months of weight reduction and exercise. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and response to sublingual glyceryltrinitrate (GTN) were assessed by high-resolution ultrasound. Microvascular reactivity was evaluated by the laser-Doppler perfusion imaging after iontophoresis of acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside. We also measured plasma levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM), vascular adhesion molecule, von Willebrand factor, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) antigen, and tissue plasminogen activator antigen.RESULTS -This intervention resulted in 6.6 Ϯ 1% reduction in body weight (P Ͻ 0.001) and significant improvement of insulin sensitivity index (2.9 Ϯ 0.36 vs. 1.9 Ϯ 0.33 [10 Ϫ4 ⅐ min Ϫ1 ⅐ (U ml Ϫ1 )], P Ͻ 0.001). FMD significantly improved (12.9 Ϯ 1.2% vs. 7.9 Ϯ 1.0%, P Ͻ 0.001), whereas response to GTN and microvascular reactivity did not change. Similar observations were seen when the subjects were subclassified according to their glucose tolerance to normal glucose tolerance, impaired glucose tolerance, and type 2 diabetes. sICAM and PAI-1 significantly decreased (251.3 Ϯ 7.7 vs. 265.6 Ϯ 9.3 ng/ml, P ϭ 0.018 and 36.2 Ϯ 3.6 vs. 48.6 Ϯ 3.9 ng/ml, P ϭ 0.001, respectively). The relationship between percentage weight reduction and improved FMD was linear (R 2 ϭ 0.47, P ϭ 0.001).CONCLUSIONS -We conclude that 6 months of weight reduction and exercise improve macrovascular endothelial function and reduces selective markers of endothelial activation and coagulation in obese subjects with IRS regardless of the degree of glucose tolerance. Diabetes Care 26:2119 -2125, 2003O besity and insulin resistance are often associated with hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, premature atherosclerosis, and increased risk for coronary artery disease (1). This cluster of abnormalities is known as the insulin resistance syndrome (IRS) or the metabolic syndrome (2). According to the recently suggested Adult Treatment Panel-III clinical guidelines of the National Cholesterol Education Program, it is estimated that the age-adjusted prevalence of the metabolic syndrome is ϳ23.7% of the adult population (3). This population has an overall excess coronary artery disease risk of ϳ70% (4).Endothelial dysfunction, an early step in the development of atherosclerosis (5), has been reported in patients with type 2 diabetes (6) and in obese nondiabetic individuals (7). It also exists in subjects at high risk for developing diabetes, including subjects with impaired glucose tolerance and normoglycemic first-degree relati...

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Flow-mediated vasodilation of the femoral and brachial artery induced by exercise in healthy nonsmoking and smoking men

Cited by 89 publications

References 37 publications

Post-exercise Hyperemia after Ischemic and Non-ischemic Isometric Handgrip Exercise

Post-exercise Hyperemia after Ischemic and Non-ischemic Isometric Handgrip Exercise

Central Role of eNOS in the Maintenance of Endothelial Homeostasis

Lifestyle Modification Improves Endothelial Function in Obese Subjects With the Insulin Resistance Syndrome

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