Flow of Suspensions through Porous Media—Application to Deep Filtration

Herzig, J.P.; Leclerc, D.; Goff, P. Le

doi:10.1021/ie50725a003

Cited by 865 publications

(604 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Packed-bed clogging differs from breach plugging in that the velocities in packed beds are low, of the order of 1 mm/s for deep-bed filters, compared to velocities of 20-50 m/s in breach releases. Herzig et al (1970) describe the clogging mechanisms present in deep filtration with packed beds. The wedging of particles in crevices is likely to be a significant contributor to clogging at higher particle velocities where the kinetic energy is high enough to force the wedging.…”

Section: 3mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The wedging of particles in crevices is likely to be a significant contributor to clogging at higher particle velocities where the kinetic energy is high enough to force the wedging. Using geometric arguments, Herzig et al (1970) estimate the minimum diameter of a single particle that can wedge into and clog the pore throat between closely packed monodisperse bed grains as equal to the maximum width of the pore throat, 15.4% of the grain diameter. If three particles wedge simultaneously, the minimum diameter of the particles in the clog is 10% of the grain diameter.…”

Section: 3mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the theoretical ratio of the pore diameter to the minimum particle diameter for clogging is 1 for a single particle, 1.5 for three particles, and 1.9 for four particles. Studies cited by Herzig et al (1970) indicated that partial clogging can occur when the particles in the suspension are as small as 6.5% of the grain diameter, implying a ratio of pore to particle diameter of 2.4.…”

Section: 3mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Small-Scale Spray Releases: Orifice Plugging Test Results

Mahoney¹,

Gauglitz²,

Blanchard³

et al. 2012

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One of the events postulated in the hazard analysis at the Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) and other U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) nuclear facilities, is a breach in process piping that produces aerosols with droplet sizes in the respirable range. The current approach for predicting the size and concentration of aerosols produced in a spray leak involves extrapolating from correlations published in the literature. These correlations are based on results obtained from small engineered spray nozzles using pure liquids with Newtonian fluid behavior. The narrow ranges of physical properties on which the correlations are based do not cover the wide range of slurries and viscous materials present in the WTP and across processing facilities in the DOE complex.Two key technical areas were identified where testing results were needed to improve the technical basis by reducing the uncertainty introduced by extrapolating existing literature results. The first technical need was to quantify the role of slurry particles in small breaches in which the slurry particles may plug and result in substantially reduced, or even negligible, respirable fraction formed by high-pressure sprays. The second technical need was to determine the aerosol droplet size distribution and volume from prototypic breaches and fluids, specifically including sprays from larger breaches with slurries where data from the literature are largely absent.To address these technical areas, small-and large-scale test stands were constructed and operated with simulants to determine the aerosol release fractions and aerosol generation rates from a range of breach sizes and geometries. The properties of the simulants represented the range of properties expected in the WTP process streams and included water, sodium salt solutions, slurries containing boehmite or gibbsite, and a hazardous chemical simulant. The effect of anti-foam agents (AFA) was assessed with most of the simulants. Orifices included round holes and rectangular slots. Much of the testing was conducted at pressures of 200 and 380 psi, but some tests were conducted at 100 psi. Testing the largest postulated breaches was deemed impractical because of the much larger flow rates and equipment that would be required.The purpose of the study described in this report is to provide experimental data for the first key technical area, potential plugging of small breaches, by performing small-scale tests with a range of orifice sizes and orientations representative of the WTP conditions. The simulants used were chosen to represent the range of process stream properties in the WTP. Testing conducted after the plugging tests in the small-and large-scale test stands addresses the second key technical area, aerosol generation. The results of the small-scale aerosol generation tests are included in Mahoney et al. (2012). The area of spray generation from large breaches is covered by large-scale testing in Schonewill et al. (2012). S.1 Objective S.2 Results and Performance Against Success Criteria...

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Section: 3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 3mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Small-Scale Spray Releases: Orifice Plugging Test Results

Mahoney¹,

Gauglitz²,

Blanchard³

et al. 2012

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“…The deep bed filtration model consists of equations for particle balance, for 262 STOCHASTIC AND AVERAGED EQUATIONS kinetics of the particle capture and of the modified Darcy's law [8,10]:…”

Section: Classical Deep Bed Filtration Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For constant filtration coefficient, the solution of the initial-boundary value problem (1.1), (1.3) for T > X (see [8,14,24]) is:…”

Section: Classical Deep Bed Filtration Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Size exclusion during particle suspension transport in porous media: stochastic and averaged equations

Santos¹,

Bedrikovetsky²

2004

Mat. apl. comput.

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Abstract. A population balance model is formulated for transport of stable particulate suspensions in porous media. Equations for particle and pore size distributions were derived from the stochastic Master equation. The model accounts for particle flow reduction due to restriction for large particles to move through small pores. An analytical solution for low particle concentration is obtained for general particle and pore size distributions. The averaged equations differ significantly from the traditional deep bed filtration model. 76S05, 60H15. Mathematical subject classification:

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Reduction of porous media permeability from in situLeuconostoc mesenteroides growth and dextran production

Lappan¹,

Fogler²

1996

Biotechnol. Bioeng.

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In situ growth of bacteria in a porous medium can alter the permeability of that media. This article reveals that the rate of permeability alteration can be controlled by the inoculation strategy, nutrient concentrations, and injection rates. Based on experimental observations a phenomenological model has been developed to describe the inoculation of the porous medium, the in situ growth of bacteria, and the permeability decline of the porous medium. This model consists of two phases that describe the bacteria in the porous medium: (1) the nongrowth phase in which cell transport and retention are occurring; and (2) the growth phase in which the retained cells grow and plug the porous media. Transition from the transport phase to the growth phase is governed by the growth lag time of the cells within the porous medium. The importance of the inoculum injection strategy and the nutrient injection strategy is illustrated by the model. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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Flow of Suspensions through Porous Media—Application to Deep Filtration

Cited by 865 publications

References 19 publications

Small-Scale Spray Releases: Orifice Plugging Test Results

Small-Scale Spray Releases: Orifice Plugging Test Results

Size exclusion during particle suspension transport in porous media: stochastic and averaged equations

Reduction of porous media permeability from in situLeuconostoc mesenteroides growth and dextran production

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