Flow patterns in models of the human bronchial airways

Schroter, R. C.; Sudlow, M. F.

doi:10.1016/0034-5687(69)90018-8

Cited by 323 publications

(151 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…High velocities were found close to the flow dividers in agreement with published work on flow in branched models (Schroter & Sudlow, 1969 Baumgarten, 1964;Bianchi, 1971). Fig.…”

supporting

confidence: 88%

“…Feeding is important in bringing about the release of the diuretic hormone. (Gersh & Catchpole, 1960 (Mayne, 1967 (Schroter & Sudlow, 1969). Elastic properties were analysed in terms of (1), exponential regressions fitted to the upper portions of inflation and deflation pressure-volume curves and (2), the pressures at which the lower portions of these curves deviated from an exponential form.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Communications

1972

The Journal of Physiology

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strated makes use of an unusual kind of modularity, which is inherent in the properties of operational amplifier circuits. A very flexible system results, valuable both for experimental bread-boarding and for more permanent equipment. A 'library' facility emerges naturally, which allows the function of any module to be changed by plugging in off-theshelf circuit boards.The over-all transfer function of an operational amplifier circuit is dominated by its passive feed-back components. By splitting the feedback components from the amplifier so that they are physically independent of it, and easily accessible, it becomes possible rapidly to convert a constructional module containing the amplifier to any of a wide range of devices: integrator, differentiator, band-pass filter, precision amplifier, attenuator, multi-vibrator, flip-flop, etc. Construction is such that feedback components can be wired up experimentally on the front panel or can be accommodated neatly on a plug-in function card (the 'library edition' of the circuit). Rotary switches, potentiometers and power supply outlets are provided on the front panel and are electrically accessible both via panel sockets and at the function cards. Input and output signals communicate with the card via further panel sockets, and these also permit intermodule connexions.The system has been in use for more than 4 years, and has adequately met most instrumentation requirements of a physiological research unit. It is probable that a significant cost saving has resulted from the ability to recirculate amplifiers, function cards, and modules, rather than leaving them permanently wired for specific applications.An experimental F.M. recording system based on a low-cost cassette tape recorder.

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“…High velocities were found close to the flow dividers in agreement with published work on flow in branched models (Schroter & Sudlow, 1969 Baumgarten, 1964;Bianchi, 1971). Fig.…”

supporting

confidence: 88%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Communications

1972

The Journal of Physiology

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“…Consequently, even with very large VE, in the distal small airways progressively slower moving airstreams are exposed to progressively larger surface areas, and there is time for heat to be transferred by conduction. In addition, transitional flow profiles are readily established because of the many bifurcations there (20), and so convection can play a role as well. Since the entire respiratory tract is lined with a fluid surface that is mostly water, the latter can be added at any or all points.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct recordings of the temperatures in the tracheobronchial tree in normal man.

McFadden¹,

Denison²,

Waller³

et al. 1982

J. Clin. Invest.

114

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A B S T R A C T In an effort to determine how far inspired air could penetrate into the respiratory tract before being brought to body conditions, we measured the temperature in the airways of the anterior basilar segment of the right lower lobe in five normal subjects while they breathed air at subfreezing and ambient conditions. During quiet breathing, most of the heating of the incoming gas took place in the upper airways as expected. However, as the thermal burden was increased by rapid inspirations, frigid air, and hyperventilation, the temperature of the distal airways progressively fell and the point at which the incoming air reached body conditions moved deep into the periphery of the lung. These findings demonstrate that heat and water transfer is not localized to one region, but rather is a continuous process that begins the moment the air enters the body and involves as much of the respiratory tract as necessary to complete the task.

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“…It has been established that flow profiles charted distally from the larynx in uiuo exhibit instabilities induced by airway bifurcations (Schroter and Sudlow, 1969). Ideally, airflow profiles, whch will be used to study mass and energy transport processes as well as particle-gas interactions within the TB tree, must attempt to account for anatomical factors affecting fluid kinetics, and thereby be as physiologically realistic as possible.…”

Section: Airflow Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of Heat and Mass Transfer Processes in a Surrogate Bronchial System Developed for Hygroscopic Aerosol Studies

Eisner

Martonen

1989

Aerosol Science and Technology

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In order to study quantitatively the behavior of inhaled hygroscopic aerosol particles, a surrogate tracheobronchial system, capable of simulating the in vivo atmosphere (i.e., temperature and relative humidity) in a physiologically realistic manner, was developed and is reported here. This surrogate tracheobronchial system is a tubular, multicomponent physical model in which the average Reynolds number value for the airflow within each respective compartment, or section, equals the value within the corresponding bronchial airway generation of Weibel's Model A network. The mass transport phenomenon (i.e., the in vivo water flow through a tracheobronchial wall and its membrane, and subsequent water evaporation into inhaled air) was simulated using this system. Detailed information regarding localized air temperature and water vapor concentration patterns for the steady flow rate of 13.5 L/min is reported in this work. The impact of the laryngeal simulator was studied, and average values of Nusselt and Shenvood numbers for each bronchial generation are reported. These values were lowest downstream from the laryngeal simulator.The in vitro temperature and water vapor concentration patterns and transfer coefficients will be used in a future quantitative analysis of the dynamic behavior and deposition rates of hygroscopic aerosol matter.

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Flow patterns in models of the human bronchial airways

Cited by 323 publications

References 15 publications

Communications

Communications

Direct recordings of the temperatures in the tracheobronchial tree in normal man.

Simulation of Heat and Mass Transfer Processes in a Surrogate Bronchial System Developed for Hygroscopic Aerosol Studies

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