Flow properties of suspensions with high solids concentration

Nelson, P.A.; Armstrong, W. P.

doi:10.1002/aic.690150606

Cited by 66 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…We used the pressure-temperature (P-T) loci for the wet solidus and dry liquidus (Figure 5a) fitted by Gerya and Yuen [2003] to the experimental data of Johannes [1985], Schmidt and Poli [1998], and Poli and Schmidt [2002], to estimate M as a function of temperature. The effective viscosity of the partially melted crust (0 < M < 1) was then estimated by using the equation derived by Gay et al [1969] for high-concentration suspensions [see also Pinkerton and Stevenson, 1992]: (14) where η liq is the effective viscosity of granitic liquid. We assumed a uniform η liq value of 10 5 Pa s to be representative of felsic liquids over the pressure, temperature, and water…”

Section: Relating Effective Viscosity To Temperature and Partial Meltingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal and mechanical controls on the evolution of archean crustal deformation: Examples from Western Australia

Bodorkos

Sandiford

2006

Archean Geodynamics and Environments

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Dome-and-keel formation in Archean granite-greenstone terrains was uniquely favored by high abundances of heat-producing elements (HPEs) in the crust, and the ubiquity of pre-doming "greenstone-over-granite" stratification, which constituted large-scale density inversions and facilitated long-term steepening of the geotherm via burial of felsic basement-hosted HPEs. This contribution investigates the influence of these factors on the thermo-mechanical stability of the crust, with reference to two contrasting Archean granite-greenstone terrains in Western Australia. In the Neoarchean Eastern Goldfields Province, the rapid (2715-2665 Ma) accumulation of a thin (8-km) greenstone succession atop HPEpoor felsic crust (radiogenic heat flow contribution q c = 45 mW m −2 ) raised midcrustal temperatures from 230°C to 370°C prior to 2650 Ma dome-and-keel formation. In such cold, strong crust, the development of broad, granite-cored antiforms and narrow, greenstone-cored synforms with little strike variation is likely to directly reflect far-field, horizontal tectonic forces, oriented perpendicular to the regional structural grain. In contrast, the Mesoarchean East Pilbara Granite-Greenstone Terrane underwent slow (3515-3325 Ma) accumulation of tick (14-km) greenstones atop HPE-rich (q c = 70 mW m −2 ) basement, which raised mid-lower crustal temperatures from 400°C to 750-800°C, prior to 3300 Ma dome-and-keel formation. The effective viscosity of this hot, weak crust was further reduced by partial melting of the felsic basement; the resulting "classical" architecture (featuring granite domes flanked by greenstone keels with a variety of strike orientations) may therefore reflect partial convective overturn and vertical reorganization of the crust during thermo-mechanical stabilization.

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Section: Relating Effective Viscosity To Temperature and Partial Meltingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal and mechanical controls on the evolution of archean crustal deformation: Examples from Western Australia

Bodorkos

Sandiford

2006

Archean Geodynamics and Environments

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“…It has been estimated that a reduction of 30 percent or more in this consumption' can be realized by replacing the conventional water closets (20-26 liters/flush) with water saving or low volume units (10)(11)(12)(13) liters/ flush) [2][3][4]. Some researchers and plumbing professionals [1~7 *], however, have expressed concern about the use of low-volume water closets.…”

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confidence: 99%

Unsteady water depth measurement in a partially filled 7.6 cm diameter horizontal pipe

Mahajan¹

1981

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A research program to investigate the wastewater solid transport in pitched horizontal drains is under way. The objective of the program is to develop data base and establish correlations for selecting drain pipe diameter, length, and slope for effective solid waste transport with reduced water usage.The purposes of this portion of the research program were:(1) to measure the stream depth histories of unsteady, nonuniform, partially filled pipe flow that ensues when water from a plumbing fixture is discharged into the drain; and (2) to examine the effects of the presence of a cylindrical solids and other relevant variables on the stream depth. The variables selected for the study include:the water volume discharged from the fixture into the drain; the drain slope, and the diameter and length of cylindrical solids.This report contains a description of the experimental apparatus, instrumentation and procedures; and a summary of the stream depth data acquired from experiments in a 7.6 cm diameter drain.The depth of water stream at any given cross-section of the drain rises rapidly to a peak value and then gradually falls to zero. The peak value of stream depth at a pipe cross-section decreases as the distance from the drain entrance increases. At a given pipe cross-section the peak value of stream depth increases with an increase in the water volume used, a decrease in the pipe slope, and with the presence of a solid in the drain. The variations in the diameter of the solid influence the stream depth history more than the variation in its length.iii PREFACE This report is one of a group documenting National Bureau of Standards (NBS) ressearch and analysis efforts in development of water conservation test methods, models for technical and economic analysis, and strategies for implementation and acceptance of practices.

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“…The relationship given by Menand and Phillips (2007) yields the same viscosity increase factor as that of Gay et al (1969), if a flow capacity of 1.0 solids fraction is used in the latter's equation. This implies that Menand and Phillips (2007) do not account for flow capacity, and in most other studies this is the case, because previous work has tended to study solid volume fractions < 0.4.…”

Section: Yield Strength and Viscosity Of Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, non-Newtonian suspensions exhibit a finite yield strength, ζ y , that needs to be overcome for flow to take place; as ζ y increases, the tendency for the flow to be turbulent decreases. A number of rheometrical studies of clay-water mixtures have been made (e.g., Gay et al, 1969;Coussot and Piau, 1994;Coussot, 1995) but these are essentially for moderate solid volume fractions (< 0.1) or at high shear rates (>10 s -1 ). Several relationships between greater solid fractions and yield strength for a range of flow conditions have been proposed from empirical data and theoretical treatments.…”

Section: Yield Strength and Viscosity Of Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The corresponding dynamic viscosity of the flow μ is also given by some workers. Gay et al (1969) propose that, at low strain rates, the flow viscosity depends on the flow capacity θ max . Bargery (2007) compared the viscosity increase factor of several workers, which is the ratio of the viscosity of the flow to the viscosity of the water, μ 0 , without any solids, at the triple point temperature.…”

Section: Yield Strength and Viscosity Of Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Erosive flood events on the surface of Mars: Application to Mangala and Athabasca Valles

Bargery

Wilson

2011

Icarus

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We address key factors involved in determining water flow conditions in outflow channels on Mars, including the temperature of the sub-surface water being released and the environmental conditions of low temperature, low atmospheric pressure, and low acceleration due to gravity. We suggest how some of the assumptions made in previous work may be improved. Our model considers the thermodynamic effects of simultaneous evaporation and freezing of water, and fluid dynamical processes including changes in flow rheology caused by assimilation of cold rock and ice eroded at the channel bed, and ice crystal growth due to water freezing. We model how far initially turbulent water could flow in a channel before it erodes and entrains enough material to become laminar, and subsequently ceases to erode the bed. An ice raft will begin to form on the flood while transition occurs between turbulent and laminar flow.Estimates are given for water transit times, ~17 to ~19 hours, initial water depths, 50 to 62 m, and average flow speeds, 5 to 12 m s -1 , in the Mangala and Athabasca Valles.We show that these two outflow channels, and by implication others like them, could plausibly have been formed in single water release events. Resulting mean erosion rates are approximately 0.7 mm s -1 , a factor of three greater than previous estimates based on combinations of estimates of flood duration and required water volumes. This is explained by the consideration of the effects of eroded ice and the physics of thermal erosion in the present study.

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Flow properties of suspensions with high solids concentration

Cited by 66 publications

References 20 publications

Thermal and mechanical controls on the evolution of archean crustal deformation: Examples from Western Australia

Thermal and mechanical controls on the evolution of archean crustal deformation: Examples from Western Australia

Unsteady water depth measurement in a partially filled 7.6 cm diameter horizontal pipe

Erosive flood events on the surface of Mars: Application to Mangala and Athabasca Valles

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