Flow rate and particle concentration within the house of the pelagic tunicate Oikopleura vanhoeffeni

Morris, Claude C.; Deibel, Don

doi:10.1007/bf00349843

Cited by 26 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In this way, the feeding filter concentrates the food suspension by sieving most of the incoming water, and the entire surface of both the dorsal and ventral layers operate as a sieve (Deibel 1986). Because of the small pore size of the mesh (1.04 × 0.22 µm, Deibel et al 1985) the second set of filters inside the house serves as a cross-flow, tangential membrane with 0.2 µm pores that concentrates the ambient particle suspension several hundred times (Morris & Deibel 1993). The animal sucks this concentrated suspension into its mouth and through its internal mucus pharyngeal filter.…”

Section: Tunicatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle capture mechanisms in suspension-feeding invertebrates

Riisgård¹,

Larsen²

2010

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

214

179

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A large number of suspension-feeding aquatic animals (e.g. bivalves, polychaetes, ascidians, bryozoans, crustaceans, sponges, echinoderms, cnidarians) have specialized in grazing on not only the 2 to 200 µm phytoplankton but frequently also the 0.5 to 2 µm free-living bacteria, or they have specialized in capturing larger prey, e.g. zooplankton organisms. We review the different particle capture mechanisms in order to illustrate the many solutions to the common problem of obtaining nourishment from a dilute suspension of microscopic food particles. Despite the many differences in morphology and living conditions, particle capture mechanisms may be divided into 2 main types. (1) Filtering or sieving (e.g. through mucus nets, stiff cilia, filter setae), which is found in passive suspension feeders that rely on external currents to bring suspended particles to the filter, and in active suspension feeders that themselves produce a feeding flow by a variety of pump systems. Here the inventiveness of nature does not lie in the capture mechanism but in the type of pump system and filter pore-size. (2) A paddle-like flow manipulating system (e.g. cilia, cirri, tentacles, hair-bearing appendages) that acts to redirect an approaching suspended particle, often along with a surrounding 'fluid parcel', to a strategic location for arrest or further transport. Examples include (1) sieving (e.g. by microvilli in sponge choanocytes, mucus nets in polychaetes, acidians, and salps among others), filter setae in crustaceans, 'ciliary sieving' by stiff laterofrontal cilia in bryozoans and phoronids; and (2) 'cirri trapping' in mussels and other bivalves with eu-laterofrontal cirri, ciliary 'catch-up' in bivalve and gastropod veliger larvae, some polychaetes, entroprocts, and cycliophores. These capture mechanisms may involve contact with a particle, and possibly mechanoreception or chemoreception, or may include redirection of particles by the interaction of multiple currents (e.g. in scallops and other bivalves without eu-laterofrontal cirri). Based on the review, we discuss the current physical and biological understanding of the capture process and suggest a number of specific problems related to particle capture, which may be solved in the future using advanced theoretical, computational and experimental techniques.

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Section: Tunicatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle capture mechanisms in suspension-feeding invertebrates

Riisgård¹,

Larsen²

2010

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

214

179

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“…Flood (1991) estimated that the food-concentrating chamber of the house allowed the oikopleurid to feed on approximately 1000× concentrated suspension of particles. Later, Morris & Deibel (1993) measured concentration factors ranging from 74 to 1089, with higher values associated with smaller individuals. This concentrating mechanism of feeding could possibly lead to the ingestion of dissolved material either through the formation of larger colloids during concentration or through direct interception of the dissolved material with the filter apparatus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grazing impact on chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) by the larvacean Oikopleura dioica

Urban-Rich¹,

Fernández²,

Acuña³

2006

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Experiments were conducted to determine if the pelagic larvacean Oikopleura dioica could graze on chromophoric dissolved organic material (CDOM) and if so, could such grazing affect the optical characteristics of the water column. Although O. dioica was found to graze on CDOM, it also contributes to the CDOM pool. O. dioica cleared large, >10 kDa CDOM, with clearance rates ranging from 0.5 ml d -1 for humic material to 8.9 ml d -1 for proteins suggesting a differential cycling of dissolved organic material by this larvacean. Its excretion of CDOM was in the < 5 kDa size range. The clearance of large-sized CDOM (>10 kDa) and the excretion of small-sized CDOM (< 5 kDa) resulted in an alteration of the molecular size distribution of the CDOM in natural seawater. Thus the relationship between grazing removal and excretion inputs will affect the cycling and molecular size distribution of CDOM and influence water color. KEY WORDS: Oikopleura dioica · CDOM · Grazing · Water column · Water colorResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher

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“…Giant larvaceans, like other species of larvaceans, use their oikoplastic cells to secrete complex filters or 'houses' that allow them to concentrate and feed on particles (Lohmann 1933;Alldredge 1977;Morris and Deibel 1993;Flood et al 1998). A house consists of a large, diaphanous outer structure as well as a smaller, more convoluted and bi-lobed inner structure that functions as a filter.…”

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confidence: 99%

The first definitive record of the giant larvacean, Bathochordaeus charon, since its original description in 1900 and a range extension to the northeast Pacific Ocean

2016

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Background: Larvaceans in the genus Bathochordaeus are large, often abundant filter feeders found throughout much of the world ocean. The first described species, Bathochordaeus charon, was reported over 100 years ago by Chun. However in the time since, few specimens have matched Chun's original description, resulting in ambiguity on the validity of B. charon as a species. Methods: Specimens of Bathochordaeus charon were identified based on morphological traits, molecular data and observations made on high definition video. Results: The first records of Bathochordaeus charon from the northeast Pacific Ocean off central California and Oregon, USA are reported. Morphology and molecular data clearly distinguish B. charon from its congener, B. stygius. Conclusions: This paper establishes the first review of Bathochordaeus charon since its original description, extends the range of this species to the northeast Pacific Ocean, and provides the first molecular evidence for two species of Bathochordaeus.

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Flow rate and particle concentration within the house of the pelagic tunicate Oikopleura vanhoeffeni

Cited by 26 publications

References 21 publications

Particle capture mechanisms in suspension-feeding invertebrates

Particle capture mechanisms in suspension-feeding invertebrates

Grazing impact on chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) by the larvacean Oikopleura dioica

The first definitive record of the giant larvacean, Bathochordaeus charon, since its original description in 1900 and a range extension to the northeast Pacific Ocean

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