Flow rate-pressure drop relation for deformable channels via fluidic and elastic reciprocal theorems

Abstract

Viscous flows through configurations manufactured or naturally assembled from soft materials apply both pressure and shear stress at the solid-liquid interface, leading to deformation of the fluidic conduit's cross-section, which in turn affects the flow rate-pressure drop relation. Conventionally, calculating this flow rate-pressure drop relation requires solving the complete elastohydrodynamic problem, which couples the fluid flow and elastic deformation. In this work, we use the reciprocal theorems for Stokes flow and linear elasticity to derive a closed-form expression for the flow rate-pressure drop relation in deformable microchannels, bypassing the detailed calculation of the solution to the fluid-structure-interaction problem. For small deformations (under a domain perturbation scheme), our theory provides the leading-order effect, of the interplay between the fluid stresses and the compliance of the channel, on the flow rate-pressure drop relation. Our approach uses solely the fluid flow solution and the elastic deformation due to the corresponding fluid stress distribution in an undeformed channel, eliminating the need to solve the coupled elastohydrodynamic problem. Unlike previous theoretical studies that neglected the presence of lateral sidewalls (and considered shallow geometries of effectively infinite width), our approach allows us to determine the influence of confining sidewalls on the flow rate-pressure drop relation. In particular, for the flow-rate-controlled situation and the Kirchhoff-Love plate-bending theory for the elastic deformation, we show a trade-off between the effect of compliance of the deforming top wall and the drag due to sidewalls on the pressure drop. While increased compliance decreases the pressure drop, the effect of the sidewalls increases it. Our theoretical framework may provide insight into existing experimental data and pave the way for the design of novel optimized soft microfluidic configurations of different cross-sectional shapes.

Flow rate--pressure drop relations for new configurations of slender compliant tubes arising in microfluidics experiments

“…Typically, the pressure drop required to maintain a steady flow within compliant conduits varies nonlinearly with the flow rate, deviating from the classic Poiseuille (or Hagen-Poiseuille) law for rigid conduits [13,7]. Using perturbation methods, previous studies have successfully derived three-dimensional solutions, leading to predictive theories that quantify this nonlinear flow ratepressure drop relation in rectangular microchannels [8,25,30,4] and in axisymmetric microtubes with thin walls [11,3,1,20].…”