“…Investigations on flow resistance have survived for more than a century (Manning, 1891;Keulegan, 1938;Vanoni, 1941Vanoni, , 1946Vanoni and Brooks, 1957;Qian et al, 1959;Peterson and Mohanty, 1960;Simons and Richardson, 1960;Vanoni and Nomicos, 1960;Simons et al, 1963;Qian and Zhou, 1965;Rouse, 1965;Golubtsov, 1969;Limerinos, 1970;Judd and Peterson, 1969;Bathurst, 1978Bathurst, , 1985Bathurst, , 2002Bray, 1979;Hey, 1979;Davis and Sutherland, 1980;Griffiths, 1981;Jarret, 1984;Aguirre-Pe and Fuentes, 1990;Bennett, 1995;Dingman and Sharma, 1997;Nikora et al, 1998;Lee and Ferguson, 2002;Ferro, 2003;Ferguson, 2007Ferguson, , 2010López et al, 2007;Recking et al, 2008;Reid and Hickin, 2008;Comiti et al, 2009;David et al, 2010;Robert, 2011;Ferreira et al, 2012;Nitsche et al, 2012;Schneider et al, 2015). Among these studies, the methods used for quantifying flow resistance can be generally categorized into two major groups: (i) a characteristic particle size approach (or a semiempirical approach) …”