Sulfated cellulose
derivatives are biologically active substances
with anticoagulant properties. In this study, a new sulfated diethylaminoethyl
(DEAE)-cellulose derivative has been obtained. The effect of a solvent
on the sulfation process has been investigated. It is shown that 1,4-dioxane
is the most effective solvent, which ensures the highest sulfur content
in DEAE-cellulose sulfate under sulfamic acid sulfation. The processes
of sulfamic acid sulfation in the presence of urea in 1,4-dioxane
and in a deep eutectic solvent representing a mixture of sulfamic
acid and urea have been compared. It is demonstrated that the use
of 1,4-dioxane yields the sulfated product with a higher sulfur content.
The obtained sulfated DEAE-cellulose derivatives have been analyzed
by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry,
and scanning electron and atomic force microscopy, and the degree
of their polymerization has been determined. The introduction of a
sulfate group has been confirmed by the Fourier transform infrared
spectroscopy data; the absorption bands corresponding to sulfate groups
have been observed in the ranges of 1247–1256 and 809–816
cm–1. It is shown that the use of a deep eutectic
solvent leads to the side carbamation reactions. Amorphization of
DEAE-cellulose during sulfation has been demonstrated using X-ray
diffractometry. The geometric structure of a molecule in the ground
state has been calculated using the density functional theory with
the B3LYP/6-31G(d, p) basis set. The reactive areas of DEAE-cellulose
and its sulfated derivatives have been analyzed using molecular electrostatic
potential maps. The thermodynamic parameters (heat capacity, entropy,
and enthalpy) of the target sulfation products have been determined.
The HOMO–LUMO energy gap, Mulliken atomic charges, and electron
density topology of the title compound have been calculated within
the atoms in molecule theory.