FLOWDATA: Software for Analysis of Infiltration Data from Automated Infiltrometers

Ankeny, Mark D.; Prieksat, M. A.; Kaspar, T. C.; Noh, Kusairi Mohd

doi:10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500040030x

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We do not know, however, whether the often-observed disease-controlling benefits of radish are due directly to pathogen suppression or indirectly to improved soil physical properties and water relations, specifically infiltration rates and hydraulic conductivities. Tension and ponded infiltrometers can be used effectively with software to characterize these hydraulic properties (Ankeny et al, 1993;Hussen and Warrick, 1995;Prieksat et al, 1994). A tension infiltrometer, in essence, holds water within it, releasing the water only when the soil's attraction for the water overcomes the force with which the infiltrometer holds the water, that force being termed the device's water supply potential.…”

Section: Additional Abstractmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After establishing an approximate +5 mm head of water in the ring, we manually recorded water surface elevations in the ponded infiltrometer as we did for the tension infiltrometers. Software described by Ankeny et al (1993) was used to determine steady-state infiltration rates at each of the three supply potentials, and from them, to calculate hydraulic conductivities.Soon after measuring ponded infiltration, we moved the infiltrometer from the site and waited until the ponded water still in the ring infiltrated. Immediately thereafter, we collected a gravimetric soil sample from the wetted bulb of soil just beneath the containment ring, sealed the wet soil in a sample can, and transported it to the lab.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Radish treatment may thus sustain infiltration rates later in the season, particularly at higher potentials where most infiltration occurs. Relatively high infiltration rates late in the summer are highly desirable, allowing more water to enter the soil water reservoir to help meet the growing sugarbeet's peaking transpiration demand.We used the software of Ankeny et al (1993) with the steady-state infiltration rates of Fig. 2 to calculate the hydraulic conductivities at each of the three supply potentials (Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Oilseed Radish Effects on Soil Structure and Soil Water Relations

Lehrsch¹,

Gallian²

2010

JSBR

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Oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus spp. oleifera) reduces sugarbeet cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii) populations. Fall-incorporated radish biomass may also increase the yield and quality of subsequently grown sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) by improving soil physical and hydraulic properties. This field study determined radish effects on nearsurface soil aggregate stability, water-stable aggregate size distribution, bulk density, and field-saturated water content, as well as infiltration and hydraulic conductivity measured at water supply potentials of -40, -20, and +0 mm H 2 O. In 2003 and 2004 in Twin Falls, ID, radish were grown in a Portneuf silt loam (Durinodic Xeric Haplocalcid) for about 10 weeks in the fall, then incorporated later that fall by disking, followed by moldboard plowing. In early May of the following year, sugarbeet were planted, irrigated, then harvested for yield and quality. In the spring and fall of each sugarbeet growing season, soil samples were collected from two depths, 0 to 5 and 5 to 50 mm, on which we measured aggregate stability and size distribution by wet sieving. Soil cores were collected from 0 to 34 mm to measure bulk density. Also in spring and fall, we used ponded and tension infiltrometers placed in the row to measure steadystate, unconfined infiltration rates and, from those rates, to Additional key words: Raphanus sativus, cover crop, Beta vulgaris, aggregate stability, infiltration rate, hydraulic conductivity W ater use efficiency is increased by improving soil water relations, such as infiltration or water retention, for crops grown in rotation. Adding oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus spp. oleifera) as a temperate-region, non-legume green manure into crop rotations with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), and/or sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) may enhance soil water relations.Green manures are crops that, while still green or soon after maturity, are incorporated into soil to improve the soil's physical, chemical, or biological properties and thereby increase the succeeding crop's yield, quality, or both (Cherr et al., 2006). Additions of organic matter, including that from an incorporated green manure, are commonly thought to increase soil organic carbon, aggregate stability, infiltration, and hydraulic conductivity (Martens and Frankenberger, 1992). Amendments can also reduce bulk density, alter soil pore size distributions, reduce a soil's susceptibility to erosion, and slow the formation of surface seals and crusts, thereby maintaining infiltration rates and thus delaying runoff (Bresson et al., 2001;Edmeades, 2003;Haynes & Naidu, 1998). Organic amendment effects on a soil's water-holding capacity (WHC) may or may not occur (Głąb and Kulig, 2008;MacRae and Mehuys, 1985). Adding organic matter may increase both the field capacity and permanent wilting point, resulting in little or no net change (Haynes & Naidu, 1998). Alternatively, such additions may decrease WHC, due to decreases in bulk density and chang...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Additional Abstractmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oilseed Radish Effects on Soil Structure and Soil Water Relations

Lehrsch¹,

Gallian²

2010

JSBR

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“…At a water supply potential of-30 mm, flow occurs through pores with diameters of 1 mm or less, at a potential of -60 mm through diameters of 0.5 mm or less, and at a potential of -150 mm through diameters of 0.2 mm or less (Marshall and Holmes 1979). Software described by Ankeny et al (1993) was used to determine steady-state infiltration rates, and from them, to calculate unsaturated hydraulic conductivities. From these properties, we calculated both macroscopic and microscopic capillary lengths Sully 1987, Whlte et al 1992).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cheese Whey as an Amendment to Disturbed Lands: Effects on Soil Hydraulic Properties

Lehrsch¹,

Robbins²

1994

ASMR

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Whey, the liquid byproduct of cheese production, can improve minesoils by increasing the aggregate stability of soils high in sodium or susceptible to erosion. Whey effects on soil hydraulic properties, however, are not known. In this experiment, we determined whey effects on infiltration rates ( at water potentials of -30 = or less) and unsaturated hydraulic conductivities of surface soil horizons after a winter wheat(1/iticum aestivum L.) growing season. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replications of four liquid whey application treatments, totaling either 0, 202, 404, or 808 Mg/ha ( control, low, medium, and high, respectively). In Fall 1992 near Kimberly, ID, a field of Portneuf silt loam (Durixerollic Calciorthid) was leveled, subsoiled, then roller-harrowed twice. After planting Malcolm wheat on September 15, we furrowed all plots and then constructed a berm around each. At 3-week intervals beginning on May 19, 1993, either zero, one, two, or four flood applications of 202 Mg/ha of whey were made to each plot, without subsequent tillage. After August wheat harvest, a tension infiltrometer was used to measure vadose zone, unsaturated flow characteristics in the bottom of undisturbed furrows, where most whey had infiltrated. Infiltration rates at potentials of -60 and -150 mm decreased linearly as whey applications increased from 202 to 808 Mg/ha. At a potential of -60 mm, hydraulic conductivity increased but then decreased with whey additions. In short, soil hydraulic properties were little affected by surface whey additions of 404 Mg/ha or less.Additional

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Surfactant and irrigation effects on wettable soils: runoff, erosion, and water retention responses

Lehrsch

Sojka

Reed

et al. 2010

Hydrological Processes

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Abstract:Surfactants are chemical compounds that can change the contact angle of a water drop on solid surfaces and are commonly used to increase infiltration into water repellent soil. Since production fields with water repellent soil often contain areas of wettable soil, surfactants applied to such fields worldwide will likely be applied to wettable soil, with unknown consequences for irrigation-induced erosion, runoff, or soil water relations. We evaluated surfactant and simulated sprinkler irrigation effects on these responses for three wettable, Pacific Northwest soils, Latahco and Rad silt loams, and Quincy sand. Along with an untreated control, we studied three surfactants: an alkyl polyglycoside (APG) in solution at a concentration of 18 g active ingredient (AI) kg 1 , a block copolymer at 26 g kg 1 , and a blend of the two at 43 g kg 1 . From 2005 to 2009 in the laboratory, each surfactant was sprayed at a rate of 46Ð8 l ha 1 onto each soil packed by tamping into 1Ð2-by 1Ð5-m steel boxes. Thereafter, each treated soil was irrigated twice at 88 mm h 1 with surfactant-free well water. After each irrigation, runoff and sediment loss were measured and soil samples were collected. While measured properties differed among soils and irrigations, surfactants had no effect on runoff, sediment loss, splash loss, or tension infiltration, compared to the control. Across all soils, however, the APG increased volumetric water contents by about 3% (significant at p Ä 0Ð08) at matric potentials from 0 to 20 kPa compared to the control. With a decrease in the liquid-solid contact angle on treated soil surfaces, surfactant-free water appeared able to enter, and be retained in pores with diameters ½15 µm. All told, surfactants applied at economic rates to these wettable Pacific Northwest soils posed little risk of increasing either runoff or erosion or harming soil water relations. Moreover, by increasing water retention at high potentials, surfactants applied to wettable soils may allow water containing pesticides or other agricultural chemicals to better penetrate soil pores, thereby increasing the efficacy of the co-applied materials.

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FLOWDATA: Software for Analysis of Infiltration Data from Automated Infiltrometers

Cited by 9 publications

References 5 publications

Oilseed Radish Effects on Soil Structure and Soil Water Relations

Oilseed Radish Effects on Soil Structure and Soil Water Relations

Cheese Whey as an Amendment to Disturbed Lands: Effects on Soil Hydraulic Properties

Surfactant and irrigation effects on wettable soils: runoff, erosion, and water retention responses

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