Flower Bud Induction in Apple Trees: Internal Control and Differentiation

Bubán, T.; Faust, Miklos

doi:10.1002/9781118060773.ch6

Cited by 81 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 52 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Aligning PGR application with the flower initiation period is likely one of the primary factors that will influence this outcome. Previous studies indicate that flower initiation in apple occurs during the first two-thirds of the growing season (~0 and 100 DAFB) (Buban and Faust, 1982;Foster et al, 2003) and therefore in most studies, exogenous NAA and EH sprays have been applied within this timeline (e.g. Bukovac et al, 2006;McArtney et al, 2001;Schmidt et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple season-long sprays of ethephon or NAA combined with calcium chloride on ‘Honeycrisp’ apples: I. Effect on bloom and fruit quality attributes

Cline

2019

Can. J. Plant Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

‘Honeycrisp’ apple trees are highly prone to biennial bearing and predisposed to bitter pit. The hypothesis that tank mix sprays of ethephon (ETH), naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and 1-aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid (ACC) combined with calcium chloride (CaCl2) can mitigate these production problems was tested in a 3-yr study. Mature ‘Honeycrisp’ trees were treated with either three or six summer applications of 150 mg L−1 ETH or 5 mg L−1 NAA, all tank-mixed with and without CaCl2, or two or five applications of 150 mg L−1 ACC (without CaCl2). Treatments were applied at 10-d intervals and initiated between 21 and 26 June. All treatments had little effect on enhancing return bloom of ‘Honeycrisp’. NAA, ETH, and CaCl2 all influenced fruit maturity and quality at harvest to varying degrees and across years. Fruit treated with NAA were firmer compared with untreated fruit in 2 out of 3 yr, whereas overall, fruit treated with six sprays of ETH had lower fruit firmness and were more mature. NAA had less influence on fruit quality attributes at harvest than did ETH, and decreased pre-harvest fruit drop (PFD). PFD increased with ETH in 1 out of 2 yr, whereas ACC and NAA both decreased PFD in 1 out of 2 yr. Overall, ETH and NAA, with or without CaCl2, had significant but inconsistent effects on fruit quality and maturity, all dependent on the year and number of applications. Adding CaCl2 decreased fruit firmness in 2 out of 3 yr.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple season-long sprays of ethephon or NAA combined with calcium chloride on ‘Honeycrisp’ apples: I. Effect on bloom and fruit quality attributes

Cline

2019

Can. J. Plant Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Flower initiation is the key developmental stage for fruit trees, particularly for horticultural crops such as the apple ( Malus × domestica Borkh. ), because it determines the success of commercial orchards (Buban and Faust, 1982) by its influence on fruit quantity and quality (Link, 2000), as well as stability of production from year to year (Schmidt et al , 1989). Flower initiation can be strongly limited by an excessive crop, leading to the phenomenon known as biennial bearing (Jonkers, 1979; Monselise and Goldschmidt, 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic control of biennial bearing in apple

Guitton

Kelner

Velasco

et al. 2011

Journal of Experimental Botany

151

116

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Although flowering in mature fruit trees is recurrent, floral induction can be strongly inhibited by concurrent fruiting, leading to a pattern of irregular fruiting across consecutive years referred to as biennial bearing. The genetic determinants of biennial bearing in apple were investigated using the 114 flowering individuals from an F1 population of 122 genotypes, from a ‘Starkrimson’ (strong biennial bearer)×‘Granny Smith’ (regular bearer) cross. The number of inflorescences, and the number and the mass of harvested fruit were recorded over 6 years and used to calculate 26 variables and indices quantifying yield, precocity of production, and biennial bearing. Inflorescence traits exhibited the highest genotypic effect, and three quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on linkage group (LG) 4, LG8, and LG10 explained 50% of the phenotypic variability for biennial bearing. Apple orthologues of flowering and hormone-related genes were retrieved from the whole-genome assembly of ‘Golden Delicious’ and their position was compared with QTLs. Four main genomic regions that contain floral integrator genes, meristem identity genes, and gibberellin oxidase genes co-located with QTLs. The results indicated that flowering genes are less likely to be responsible for biennial bearing than hormone-related genes. New hypotheses for the control of biennial bearing emerged from QTL and candidate gene co-locations and suggest the involvement of different physiological processes such as the regulation of flowering genes by hormones. The correlation between tree architecture and biennial bearing is also discussed.

show abstract

“…In Prunus, Buban and Faust (1982) found that the first sign of floral differentiation is flattening of the meristematic apex, followed by the appearance of the sepal primordia. Later stages of morphogenesis consist of the differentiation of the remaining floral cycles, and in many species it may occur in an acropetal direction (Meza and Bautista, 2005;Jedrzejuk and Szlachetka, 2005;Evans and Dickinson, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Floral transition in Origanum vulgare L.: Anatomical analysis across phenological stages in response to different photoperiodic regimes

Davidenco¹,

Seisdedos²,

Núñez³

et al. 2014

Chilean J. Agric. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Knowledge about the specific characteristics of floral transition process in oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) is scarce. Photoperiod is one of the environmental factors regulating oregano development. The aim of this study was to evaluate anatomical changes associated with the phenological transition from vegetative to floral stages of O. vulgare L. subsp. vulgare (Compacto ecotype) and O. vulgare L. subsp. hirtum (Link) Ietsw. (Criollo ecotype), in response to day length variations. These two traditional subspecies were grown under natural and artificially 6-h extended photoperiod. Phenology and internal floral transition did not follow a single evolution pattern, since these processes respond to complex geneenvironment interactions. In the oregano subspecies studied, transition from vegetative to reproductive stages presented an intermediate step, consisting of the formation of an inflorescence meristem. Thus, floral transition occurred gradually and acropetally along the floral axis. Within the floral meristem, the appearance of reproductive perianthic pieces also occurred acropetally. Extended photoperiod seemed to act as a signal accelerating the floral transition process of the meristems, which confirms that oregano is a long-day plant. In addition, phenological and anatomical analyses confirmed that Criollo ecotype was most sensitive to photoperiodic lengthening, as evidenced by an earlier bud development all along the floral branch.

show abstract

Flower Bud Induction in Apple Trees: Internal Control and Differentiation

Cited by 81 publications

References 52 publications

Multiple season-long sprays of ethephon or NAA combined with calcium chloride on ‘Honeycrisp’ apples: I. Effect on bloom and fruit quality attributes

Multiple season-long sprays of ethephon or NAA combined with calcium chloride on ‘Honeycrisp’ apples: I. Effect on bloom and fruit quality attributes

Genetic control of biennial bearing in apple

Floral transition in Origanum vulgare L.: Anatomical analysis across phenological stages in response to different photoperiodic regimes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About