Flower‐Like Morphology of Naphthalene Diimides Containing tetra‐L‐ and D‐Alanine

Abstract

Two structural isomers of naphthalene diimide (NDI) chromophores NDI-3 and NDI-4, which are NDI imide position functionalised with four L-/D-alanine subunits. Density functional theory calculations revel that HOMO molecular orbital is localized on N-phenyl substituent and LUMO on NDI core. Further, the UV-vis, fluorescence measurements show that both the derivatives i. e. NDI-3 and NDI-4 exhibit changes in optical and photophysical properties with the addition of non-polar i. e. methylcyclohexane in chloroform as well as water in tetrahydrofuran. From these results, it is clear that the structural isomers NDI-3 and NDI-4 shows a significant solvatochromic effect, which ascribed to the aggregation effect via π-π stacking of NDI core along with hydrogen-bonding between alanine side chains. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and polarized optical microscopy images clearly demonstrate formation of flower like morphology in THF:H 2 O and fiber nanostructure in CHCl 3 :MCH for both NDI-3 and NDI-4. Interestingly, only NDI-4 in CHCl 3 :MCH (4 : 6, v/v) solvent mixture produces rose-like flower microstructures.

High Mobility and ON/OFF Ratio of Solution‐Processable p‐Channel OFETs from Arylacetylene End‐Capped Alkoxyphenanthrenes

“…Compound 4 a showed fibrous networks connected throughout the film. Compound For compounds 4 b and 4 c , low magnification images showed petal‐like arrangements [41] . Similar morphologies were reported for various functionalized compounds [42] .…”

“…Compound For compounds 4 b and 4 c, low magnification images showed petal-like arrangements. [41] Similar morphologies were reported for various functionalized compounds. [42] The grain size and grain boundaries have played a vital role in the field-effect performance through uninterrupted charge movement.…”

Synthesis of Anthracene and Pyrene End‐Capped Triarylamines for p‐Channel High‐Performance OFETs

“…Each flower shows an average grain size of 13 μm, and each petal is observed with an average grain size of 3 μm. The flower‐like morphology is observed in many thin films and that influences electronic applications [48,49] . The fabricated thin films exhibited flower‐like morphology through hierarchical self‐assemblies, with densely packed films.…”

“…The flower-like morphology is observed in many thin films and that influences electronic applications. [48,49] The fabricated thin films exhibited flower-like morphology through hierarchical self-assemblies, with densely packed films. Furthermore, the observed larger grain size reduces the potential barrier between the grains, which may result in better charge carrier movement in the thin film.…”

Tuning of energy levels, transport properties and device performance of naphthalenediimide derivatives by introduction of Michael addition reaction

“…Molecules aligned parallel to each other with hypsochromic shift exist in the form of H-type aggregates while head to tail arrangement along with bathochromic shift indicates J-type aggregation. 41,42 The comparative absorption spectra of the products in dilute (1 mM) and concentrated solutions (1 mM) are shown in Fig. S10 (ESI †).…”