Flower morphological diversity of cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum Presl) in Matara District, Sri Lanka

Azad, Rumana; Kumara, K. L. W.; Senanayake, Gamini; Ranawaka, R. A. A. K.; Pushpakumara, D. K. N. G.; Geekiyanage, Sudarshanee

doi:10.1515/opag-2018-0025

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Cinnamon ( Cinnamomum verum and Cinnamomum zeylanicum ) is one of the plants that belong to the Lauraceae family. This traditional herbal medicine is from Australia and Asia [ 118 , 119 , 120 ]. Based on the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticarcinogenic activities of this plant, it is widely used in medical industries [ 120 , 121 , 122 , 123 ].…”

Section: Antimicrobial Agentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Antiviral Properties of Herbal Materials

et al. 2020

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Recently, increasing public concern about hygiene has been driving many studies to investigate antimicrobial and antiviral agents. However, the use of any antimicrobial agents must be limited due to their possible toxic or harmful effects. In recent years, due to previous antibiotics’ lesser side effects, the use of herbal materials instead of synthetic or chemical drugs is increasing. Herbal materials are found in medicines. Herbs can be used in the form of plant extracts or as their active components. Furthermore, most of the world’s populations used herbal materials due to their strong antimicrobial properties and primary healthcare benefits. For example, herbs are an excellent material to replace nanosilver as an antibiotic and antiviral agent. The use of nanosilver involves an ROS-mediated mechanism that might lead to oxidative stress-related cancer, cytotoxicity, and heart diseases. Oxidative stress further leads to increased ROS production and also delays the cellular processes involved in wound healing. Therefore, existing antibiotic drugs can be replaced with biomaterials such as herbal medicine with high antimicrobial, antiviral, and antioxidant activity. This review paper highlights the antibacterial, antiviral, and radical scavenger (antioxidant) properties of herbal materials. Antimicrobial activity, radical scavenger ability, the potential for antimicrobial, antiviral, and anticancer agents, and efficacy in eliminating bacteria and viruses and scavenging free radicals in herbal materials are discussed in this review. The presented herbal antimicrobial agents in this review include clove, portulaca, tribulus, eryngium, cinnamon, turmeric, ginger, thyme, pennyroyal, mint, fennel, chamomile, burdock, eucalyptus, primrose, lemon balm, mallow, and garlic, which are all summarized.

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Section: Antimicrobial Agentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Antiviral Properties of Herbal Materials

et al. 2020

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“…Kumarathilake (2012) developed a key for the identification of Sri Lankan Cinnamomum species based only on morphological characteristics including characteristics of immature bark. Recently, Azad and colleagues reported that some leaf morphological traits are age and environment independent (Azad et al, 2016). Consequently, the objective of the present study was to develop a morphological index and a practical botanical key for field-level identification of different Cinnamomum species present in Sri Lanka.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field Level Identification of <em>Cinnamomum</em> Species in Sri Lanka Using a Morphological Index

et al. 2020

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Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume is a commercially important species cultivated in Sri Lanka and traded as Ceylon cinnamon or true cinnamon. In addition, seven endemic wild species of the genus Cinnamomum have been reported in Sri Lanka. The literature on wild relatives of C. dubium, C. capparucoronde, C. citriodorum, C. litseaefolium, C. ovalifolium, C. rivulorum and C. sinharajaense is limited. Therefore, proper field level identification and differentiation of both wild and cultivated species are critical for the conservation and utilization of such species. Since the cinnamon is a crosspollinated species, intra-species diversity is also a possibility. Our work focused on inter-and intra-species diversity of Cinnamomum leaf morphology to develop a "Leaf Morphological Index" for field-level identification of reported species. Forty accessions, representing a minimum of two from each species, collected from natural and cultivated habitats, were assessed with 12 morphological characters. The highest within-species variation was observed in C. zeylanicum, followed by C. dubium. Of the morphological characters, five-leaf traits, leaf shape, apex, base, venation, and size significantly contributed to the main principle components. Therefore, those traits were used for developing a leaf morphological index. The morphological index could distinguish all the species at the field level.

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“…Currently accepted species classification and identification of Cinnamomum are purely based on morphological traits such as leaf arrangement, flush color, leaf shape, apex and venation [20,21]. While C. litseifolium, C. citriodorum, C. sinharajaense, and C. capparu-coronde are easily distinguishable using leaf morphological traits, identification of others, such as C. rivulorum and C. dubium are not that straightforward [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Universal barcoding regions, rbcL, matK and trnH-psbA do not discriminate Cinnamomum species in Sri Lanka

et al. 2021

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The genus Cinnamomum consists of about 250 species spread globally. Out of these, C. verum (C. zeylanicum), also known as true cinnamon or Ceylon cinnamon, has gained worldwide attention due to its culinary uses and medicinal values. Sri Lanka is the largest true cinnamon producer in the world and accounts for about 80–90% of global production. Other than the cultivated species, Sri Lankan natural vegetation is home to seven endemic wild species of the genus Cinnamomum. While these are underutilized, proper identification and characterization are essential steps in any sustainable conservation and utilization strategies. Currently, species identification is purely based on morphological traits, and intraspecific diversity has made it more challenging. In this study, all the eight Cinnamomum species found in Sri Lanka, C. capparu-coronde, C. citriodorum C. dubium, C. litseifolium, C. ovalifolium, C. rivulorum, C. sinharajaense, and C. verum were collected in triplicates and identified using typical morphological traits. DNA extracted with the same collection was assessed with universal barcoding regions, rbcL, matK, and trnH-psbA. While no intraspecific sequence differences were observed in C. citriodorum, C. rivulorum, and C. verum, the others had polymorphic sites in one, two, or all regions assessed. Interestingly, two individuals of C. sinharajaense had identical barcodes to the cultivated species C. verum, while the other one had one variable cite in matK region and three cites in trnH-psbA reigon. Further, one C. dubium and one C. capparu-coronde accession each had identical, rbcL, and trnH-psbA sequences while those had only a single nucleotide variation observed in matK region. Overall, the phylogeny of Cinnamomum species found in Sri Lanka could not be completely resolved with DNA barcoding regions studied.

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Flower morphological diversity of cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum Presl) in Matara District, Sri Lanka

Cited by 21 publications

References 12 publications

Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Antiviral Properties of Herbal Materials

Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Antiviral Properties of Herbal Materials

Field Level Identification of <em>Cinnamomum</em> Species in Sri Lanka Using a Morphological Index

Universal barcoding regions, rbcL, matK and trnH-psbA do not discriminate Cinnamomum species in Sri Lanka

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