Flowering and Fruiting Patterns of Primocane-fruiting Blackberries

Thompson, E. G.; Strik, Bernadine C.; Clark, John R.; Finn, Chad E.

doi:10.21273/hortsci.42.5.1174

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In contrast, early-season berries on double-tipped canes in 2007 had a higher percentage of drupelets set than late-season berries; percent drupelet set was fairly consistent throughout the 2007 harvest season in treatments that were tipped once at 0.5 m (control ; Table 3). This occurrence of more ovules per flower early in the season is perhaps because the first, and often largest, flowers develop on the apices of the primary and secondary floral axes, as described in Thompson et al (2007). This has also been reported by Strik et al (1996) in other blackberry genotypes.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 64%

“…Soft-tipped branches in double-tipped canes typically developed two to three inflorescences (0.10 to 0.15 m in length), whereas untipped branches in all other treatments ended in a single inflorescence. Other studies on 'Prime-Jan' have showed that soft-tipping at 1 m removed apical dominance and promoted branching (Strik et al, 2008;Thompson et al, 2007). The additional pruning of soft-tipped branches in the double-tipped treatment likely had a similar effect on promoting inflorescence development.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

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High Tunnel versus Open Field: Management of Primocane-fruiting Blackberry Using Pruning and Tipping to Increase Yield and Extend the Fruiting Season

Thompson¹,

Strik²,

Finn³

et al. 2009

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Primocane-fruiting blackberries (Rubus subgenus Rubus Watson) may offer opportunities for season extension and off-season fruit production, particularly in mild climates with protected culture. In May 2005, plants of ‘Prime-Jan’® were established at the Oregon State University–North Willamette Research and Extension Center, Aurora, OR. Half of the planting was established under a high tunnel and the remainder planted in an adjacent open field. In 2006 to 2007, primocanes were subjected to four treatments to promote branching and/or delay harvest: 1) all primocanes within the plot were cut to the ground when averaging 0.25 m tall, then later emerging canes soft-tipped when reaching 0.5 m tall (C0.25m/T0.5m); 2) all primocanes within the plot were cut to the ground when averaging 0.5 m tall, then later emerging canes soft-tipped when reaching 0.5 m (C0.5m/T0.5m); 3) primocanes double-tipped: all primocanes within the plot were soft-tipped when averaging 0.5 m tall with subsequent lateral branches then soft-tipped when reaching 0.5 m long (T0.5m/Tb0.5m); and 4) primocanes were soft-tipped when averaging 0.5 m tall (T0.5m; control). The tunnel was covered with plastic from 5 Sept. 2006 and 31 Aug. 2007, ≈1 to 2 weeks before harvest until the end of harvest to protect fruit from inclement weather. On average, fruit harvest began on 12 Sept. in the open field and tunnel, but lasted ≈3 weeks longer in the tunnel, ending on 16 Nov., on average. Primocanes that were double-tipped had nearly twice the flowers and fruit than canes that were soft-tipped only once (T0.5m; control). In the tunnel, cumulative yield of double-tipped primocanes averaged 10.7 t·ha−1 in 2006 and 19.3 t·ha−1 in 2007, a 267% and 159% increase compared with the control, respectively. On average, cumulative yield for all treatments was less in the open field than in the tunnel, although cultural systems could not be compared statistically. Harvest was not delayed in the C0.25m/T0.5m treatment in 2006 compared with the control and the double-tipped treatments; however, in 2007, harvest was delayed by 2 weeks in C0.25m/T0.5m. In contrast, harvest was delayed by ≈4 weeks when primocanes were cut to the ground at 0.5 m (C0.5m/T0.5m). Primocanes that were double-tipped produced heavier fruit than other treatments (33% heavier than the control, on average). Double-tipped primocanes did not have more ovules per flower, but had significantly more drupelets set compared with the control. In addition, plants growing under the tunnel tended to produce heavier fruit (32%, on average) than those grown in the open field. Harvest date affected fruit pH in 2006, but not in 2007. In 2006, fruit pH was highest in the early season. All other differences in fruit chemistry were not significant. The pruning and tipping systems used here increased yield and offered options for season extension.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

High Tunnel versus Open Field: Management of Primocane-fruiting Blackberry Using Pruning and Tipping to Increase Yield and Extend the Fruiting Season

Thompson¹,

Strik²,

Finn³

et al. 2009

horts

Self Cite

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“…2005;Clark 2008), develop PSs that possess a terminal panicle and two flowering side branches of the stem and hence can be classified as the complex type of PS (according to the definition of this study). If the tip is cut in spring to prevent development of the terminal panicle of the stem, two additional flowering / fruiting branches are formed resulting in average higher yields (Thompson & al. 2007;Strik 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Panicle shoot, an overlooked stem type of several blackberries (Rubus, Rosaceae)

Drenckhahn

2019

Willdenowia

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“…Soft-tipping of canes is necessary to manage primocane growth and to increase yield; however, tipping height can affect cane architecture and season. In addition, double-tipping, where primocane branches are soft-tipped also, shows great promise for increasing production (Thompson and Strik, 2007).…”

Section: Off-season Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primocane-fruiting Blackberries: Potential for Extending Harvest Season and Production Regions

Strik¹,

Thompson²

2009

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Primocane-fruiting blackberries produce fruit on current-season canes (primocanes) and second-season canes (floricanes), if desired. Primocane-fruiting blackberries are likely adapted to a diverse range of climates, particularly because cold hardiness is not an issue when plants are grown for a primocane crop only. The floricane crop of ‘Prime-Jan’® and ‘Prime-Jim’® is from 3 June to 6 July in Arkansas and 30 June to 22 Aug. in Oregon, thus overlapping with other fresh market blackberries. However, although the primocane crop overlaps with the semierect cultivar Chester Thornless, the fruiting season of the primocane-fruiting types is longer. Harvest on primocanes began 17 July and mid-August in Arkansas and Oregon, respectively. The primocanes of ‘Prime-Jan’ and ‘Prime-Jim’ tend to branch naturally, producing a couple of branches near the base. However, soft-tipping primocanes at 1 m early in the season increased branch and flower number, resulting in a threefold yield increase compared with untipped canes. Yield and berry size in Oregon has been from 1.8 to 5.2 t·ha−1, depending on primocane management treatment, and 5.2 to 7.4 g, respectively. However, yield would have been much higher if all fruit could have been harvested as would be possible under protected culture. Our research to date indicates that primocane-fruiting blackberry can be easily manipulated to adjust harvest time. Remowing primocanes to create a delayed flush of growth will delay harvest. Rowcovers or tunnels that increase temperature will advance primocane growth and harvest. Soft-tipping height and frequency can affect cane architecture and season. Management techniques along with new genotypes of primocane-fruiting blackberry will have a great impact on blackberry production worldwide.

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Flowering and Fruiting Patterns of Primocane-fruiting Blackberries

Cited by 13 publications

References 7 publications

High Tunnel versus Open Field: Management of Primocane-fruiting Blackberry Using Pruning and Tipping to Increase Yield and Extend the Fruiting Season

High Tunnel versus Open Field: Management of Primocane-fruiting Blackberry Using Pruning and Tipping to Increase Yield and Extend the Fruiting Season

Panicle shoot, an overlooked stem type of several blackberries (Rubus, Rosaceae)

Primocane-fruiting Blackberries: Potential for Extending Harvest Season and Production Regions

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