Flowering of hazelnut cultivars and how it relates to temperature in southern Ontario

Taghavi, Toktam; Dale, A.; Saxena, Praveen K.; Galic, Dragan; Rahemi, Alireza; Kelly, John; Suarez, E.

doi:10.17660/actahortic.2018.1226.18

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…This study confirms the findings of other researchers (Baker et al, 1986;Gallagher 1979;Sayed 1995;Stinner et al 1974) that changes in the phenological stages are the best markers for the fruit species for forecasting their behaviour with the increasing outside air temperature; however, there are differences in the base temperature values among the species, cultivars, and phenological states (Borges et al 2017;Kerr et al 1981;Rafael and Biasi 2016;Ribeiro et al 2009;Salinger and Kenny 1995;Souza et al 2011;Taghavi et al 2017). The strongest correlation of the observed phenological data was always on the same threshold values in both countries; in the case of leafing, the best correlation was at Tb5.5.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The strongest correlation of the observed phenological data was always on the same threshold values in both countries; in the case of leafing, the best correlation was at Tb5.5. This value is higher than the amount predicted for grape cultivars 'Chardonnay' (Tb = 2.1 °C) and 'Cabernet Sauvignon' (Tb = 4.3 °C), kiwifruit 'Golden King' (Tb = 4.3 °C), plum 'Gulf Blaze' (Tb = 2.2 °C), pear 'Smith' (Tb = 4.4 °C), peach 'Tropic beauty' (Tb = 2 °C) (Rafael and Biasi 2016), and hazelnut cultivars (Tb = 2 °C) (Taghavi et al 2017). The kiwifruit cultivar 'Hayward' (Tb = 10 °C, Kerr et al 1981;Salinger and Kenny 1995;Tb = 8.2 °C, Rafael and Biasi 2016), the pear cultivar 'Packham's' (Tb = 8.2 °C, Rafael and Biasi 2016), the plum cultivar 'Letícia' (Tb = 6.2 °C, Rafael and Biasi 2016), the grape cultivars 'BRS Victo-K Souza et al 2011), were found to require higher base temperature values than the Persian walnut cultivars involved in our study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In another study (Hassankhah et al 2017), the same results between air mean temperature and growing degree hour demands of terminal buds and catkins were obtained. In hazelnut (Taghavi et al 2017), strong correlations between some phenological stages of terminal leaf buds, catkins, female flower buds, and daily mean temperatures were observed. An increase of mean temperature from January until April of about 0.9 °C correlated with 7 days of advance in budbreak of 'Franquette' and 3 days in Geisenheim selection G-139 ( Črepinšek et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Base Temperature Comparisons for Leafing Date, Pistillate Flower Receptivity, and Pollen Shedding in Persian Walnut

et al. 2022

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Leafing dates and the male and female bloom periods in Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) vary with cultivars and years. Changes in phenological phases and the process of passing through the phenological stages could be explained by the growing degree days (GDD) if the minimum base temperature (Tb) were determined. In this study, the long-term phenological data of some walnut cultivars derived and/or grown in Hungary and Iran were used to determine the Tb values for leafing date (LD), pistillate flower receptivity start (PRS), pistillate flower receptivity end (PRE), and start and end of the pollen shedding period (PSS and PSE, respectively). The GDD were calculated (with 0.1 °C precision) for the LD and PSS with respect to the earliest cultivar as well as for PRS compared to LD and PRE. Furthermore, the GDD were reckoned for PSE based on PRS and PSS of the same cultivar in each year. The analysis of the data revealed that for the LD, PRS, and PRE, the Tb5.5 with the highest correlation was shown to be the most appropriate. For the PSS and PSE, the best correlation was observed at Tb0 in both countries. The strongest coefficients were observed (0.72 for Iranian and 0.8 for Hungarian conditions) between GDD with Tb of 5.5 °C for PRS and LD. The less correlation was observed between LD and PSS (0.5 for Iranian and 0.57 for Hungarian conditions). The correlation coefficients between GDD and leafing date were the same (0.52) in both countries. Cultivars involved in the trial required more GDD in Iran than in Hungary.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Base Temperature Comparisons for Leafing Date, Pistillate Flower Receptivity, and Pollen Shedding in Persian Walnut

et al. 2022

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“…Based on study by Taghavi et al (2018), Catkin's phenological phases marked in an order: zero phases 0 (catkin brackets are closely interlinked), first phase 1 (rapid elongation of catkins and separation of brackets), and second phase 2 (anthers well-differentiated and yellow pollen appear), third phase 3 (yellow anthers exploded pollen), fourth phase 4 (full bloom anther dehiscence pollen), fifth phase 5 (finish shedding pollen), sixth phase 6 (drying of catkins and not much pollen) and seventh phase 7 (catkins falling on the ground). According to the same study Taghavi et al (2018), it can be noticed phenological studies for female flowers were recorded as phases: zero phases 0 (vegetative bud break), first phase 1 (red tip of stigmas appears), and second phase 2 (start -5% of flowers are open and have extended stigmas), third phase 3 (peak -50% of flowers are open) and fourth phase 4 (end -last flowers are open).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenological and Morphological Traits of Important Hazelnut Cultivars in North West Bosnia

Skender

Hadžiabulić

Aliman

et al. 2019

AGR

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The paper presents the results of the analysis of phenological and morphological characteristics of 3 hazelnut cultivars present in the production plantation in the north-western Bosnia and Herzegovina. The 'Rimski', 'Istarski dugi' and 'Tonda Gentile Romana' cultivars served as research material. Blooming time ranged from December to March. For all cultivars, the occurrence of dichogamy, precisely protandry, was observed. The longest flowering period of both male and female flowers was found in the 'Tonda Gentile Romana' cultivar. The 'Rimski' cultivar had the highest fruit weight (3.04 g). 'Tonda Gentile Romana' had the highest kernel weight (1.50 g). The highest kernel percentage (49%) was found in 'Istarski dugi'. The length of male catkins ranged from 21.73 cm to 29.76 cm. Statistically significant differences among cultivars were found for the following traits: the length of male catkins, the number of female flowers in glomeruli, and the number of nuts on a fruiting shoot. The 'Istarski' cultivar had the highest average length of male catkins (29.76) and the highest number of female flowers in the glomeruli (7.32). 'Tonda Gentile Romana' had the highest number of fruits (20.93) on the shoots. All three cultivars have proven to be good varieties in terms of phenological and morphological characteristics, so they can be recommended for intensive production of this nut crop.

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“…About 99% of the hazelnut crop in the United States is produced in Oregon, setting this country in fourth place with about 5% of the world crop ( Mehlenbacher and Olsen 1997 , Oregon Department of Agriculture 2021 ). In the Midwestern region of the United States, the climatic conditions and presence of disease, like the Eastern Filbert Blight, are not suitable for C. avellana to thrive or produce nuts ( Gold 2016 , Taghavi et al 2018 ). However, there are two native Corylus species to this region, the American hazelnut ( Corylus americana Marshall) and the beaked hazelnut ( Corylus cornuta Marshall).…”

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confidence: 99%

Arthropod Community in Hybrid Hazelnut Plantings in the Midwestern United States

Chediack

Liesch

Shanovich

et al. 2022

Journal of Insect Science

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There is a lack of knowledge of the arthropod communities in both wild hazelnut and cultivated hybrid hazelnut ecosystems in the Midwestern United States. Our goal was to characterize the composition of these arthropod communities in hazelnut plantings. We surveyed six experimental plantings of hazelnuts in Wisconsin and two in Minnesota during growing seasons, from May 2017 to August 2021. We used four methods to survey the arthropod community of these plantings: ad libitum survey of specimen observations and collection, dissection of hazelnut buds and nuts, cone traps placed on the ground, and beat sheet sampling of plants. We registered 116 different morphospecies of five classes and 83 families. Arthropods with known feeding habits were grouped into four guilds: 59 herbivores, 36 carnivores (predators, parasites, and parasitoids), 4 decomposers (detritivores and scavengers), and 4 omnivores. While we registered 12 herbivorous species that could potentially cause damage to hazelnuts, we directly observed nine of them feeding upon or damaging plant parts: Phytoptus avellanae s.l. Nalepa (Eriophyoidea: Phytoptidae), Curculio obtusus Blanchard and Strophosoma melanogrammum Förster (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Popillia japonica Newman (Coleoptera: Scarabeidae), Parthenolecanium sp. (Hemiptera: Coccidae), Euschistus servus euschistoides Say (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae), Acleris sp., and Choristoneura rosaceana Harris (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). We also registered eight species of parasites or parasitoids that could offer biocontrol services in the cropping system. These findings provide a foundation for future targeted studies on potential pests and beneficial arthropods, as well as ecological interactions within the hybrid hazelnut ecosystem in the Midwest.

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Flowering of hazelnut cultivars and how it relates to temperature in southern Ontario

Cited by 7 publications

References 6 publications

Base Temperature Comparisons for Leafing Date, Pistillate Flower Receptivity, and Pollen Shedding in Persian Walnut

Base Temperature Comparisons for Leafing Date, Pistillate Flower Receptivity, and Pollen Shedding in Persian Walnut

Phenological and Morphological Traits of Important Hazelnut Cultivars in North West Bosnia

Arthropod Community in Hybrid Hazelnut Plantings in the Midwestern United States

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