Flowering phenology in Solidago altissima: adaptive strategies against temporal variation in temperature

Abstract

The evolution of flowering phenology is the result of a trade-off that balances many factors, including growth, reproductive capacity, and temporal overlap with pollinators. When there is large temporal variation in temperature, particularly in the onset of frost, the optimum flowering strategy will vary from year to year. In Duluth, MN, USA, the end of the growing season can vary by more than 30 days. In this study, we observed flowering phenology and pollinator abundance on 15 genotypes of Solidago altissima in Duluth, MN. We predicted that temporal variation in temperature would lead to a range of flowering strategies in the S. altissima population; some genotypes flower early and in synchrony, some 'hedge their bets' by flowering over a range of dates, and others have an intermediate strategy. Our results indicate that genotypes vary in mean flowering date and duration of flowering and, for the two observed years, pollinator abundance was highest for early-flowering genotypes.

Synergistic and additive effects of drought stress and simulated herbivory on two goldenrods, Solidago altissima and S. gigantea

“…These species both experience frequent herbivory and periodic episodes of drought. These closely related and ecologically similar species are a widely used model system for studies of plant-insect interactions (e.g., Abrahamson and Weis 1997;Heard and Kitts 2012;Williams and Avakian 2015), plant invasions (e.g., Sakata et al 2015;Szymura and Szymura 2016), life history evolution (e.g., Schmid et al 1995;Hafdahl and Craig 2014), and other issues in evolutionary ecology. We examined the impact of drought stress and early-season clipping on different plant structures (both aboveground and belowground) and on patterns of resource allocation among them.…”

中国典型观赏植物花期模型建立及过去花期变化模拟

“…温刺激不同有关 [28] 。在前一年冬季气温更寒冷的地 点或年份，GDD FFD 与 GDD EFD 需求较低 [29] 。两者与 冬季气温的关系可表达为指数函数 [21， 30] ： [34][35][36] 和水分条件等 [37] 。 花期物候的进化是多个因素互相制约的结果， 包括 生长， 繁殖能力和与传粉者的活动时间匹配等 [38] 。 生物因子 (种间对土壤、 光和传粉者的竞争) 也会影 响花期物候 [39] root-mean-square-error of about 4 -6 days. The simulated mean FFD， EFD and FD followed certain geographical gradients.…”

Effects of <i>Solidago canadensis</i> Invasion and Climate Warming on Soil Net N Mineralization

“…Most studies focus on the N deposition effects on plant invasion, but the effect of plant invasion on the soil N dynamic is less known, especially for the net N mineralization, which occurs when inorganic N is released from litter and soil organic matter during decomposition [17] and is positively correlated with plant growth and litter production [18]. S. canadensis: A widespread notorious rhizomatous clonal weed native to North America [19] and introduced as a horticultural plant in 1913 that has become one of the most aggressive invasive perennial species in China, invading abandoned fields, disturbed habitats, and farmland [20]. S. canadensis clonal growth can lead to a dense population that results in crowding out native vegetation [21,22], causing severe damage to local biodiversity and the natural ecosystem.…”