Flowering time regulation by the miRNA156 in the beet (Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima)

Abstract

Successful reproduction of the plants is assumed as a crucial challenge for meeting nutritional needs of growing human population. One of the signi cant changes in the plant's life cycle is its transition from vegetative to reproductive phase. Obviously, the owering and bolting processes are in uenced by many genetic and physiological factors. In this way, several main regulatory pathways and effective genes have been identi ed, so far. The age-dependent phenomenon as an effective pathway of reproductive transition phase is in uenced by the miR172 and miR156 genes. In the present study, the miR156 sequence was identi ed in the sugar beet genome. First, the miR156 gene was cloned into the overexpression construct from the Beta vulgaris genome and then, was transferred to the beet explants. After the con rmation of transgenic plants, the transcript level of miR156 gene, and its target genes (SPL4 and SPL9) were evaluated in transgenic plants related to the control plants. Also, transgenic plants were studied in terms of ower phenotypic development, and root growth characteristics. By evidence evaluation, the research revealed that over-expression of miR156 played an effective role in reduction of SPL4 and SPL9 genes' expression that resulted in owering suppression in the Sea beet. According to the ndings, it had also a suppression effect on the root growth in transgenic beets.

Screening and validation of optimal miRNA reference genes in different developing stages and tissues of Lilium henryi Baker

“…According to previous studies, miR156 plays an important role in regulating flowering time, lateral root development, and anthocyanidin synthesis 33 – 35 . miR396 is also widely involved in the regulation of growth and development in plant petals, leaves, and other parts 36 , 37 .Therefore, the expression levels of miR156 and miR396 were verified.…”

Root Causes of Flowering: Two Sides of Bolting in Sugar Beet

“…The study of sugar beet flowering genetics heavily relies on the understanding of genetic systems in Arabidopsis. Such an approach includes the study of the expression of individual orthologous genes using primers for conserved regions [38,43,44]. Wholegenome-sequencing technologies have become widespread, allowing for the comprehensive study of the sugar beet transcriptome [42,[45][46][47].…”

“…This leads to suppressed flowering of sea beet when exposed to long daylight conditions. Additionally, if the decrease in SPL4 expression is solely caused by miR156 overexpression, it is likely that the decrease in SPL9 expression is also influenced by other factors related to the photoperiodic pathway [44].…”