Flowers and gardens on the context and tourism potential

Abstract

Travel and Tourism have been considered one of the world's largest economic sectors, and garden visiting has been suggested as an important segment (niche) on the tourism industry. In this context, the aim is to analyze gardens as a great potential for tourism, in their different specificity. For tourism, all kinds of greenspaces may be used as historic, botanical or private gardens, and parks, besides events as garden and flower festival and exhibitions. All of them are responsible for attracting many visitors. This type of tourism has been increasing since tourists are eager for new and unique experiences that contribute to the memory and the identity of a nation and gardens may allow this to happen.

Pandemic, social isolation and the importance of people-plant interaction

“…Although contact with nature in the real world is preferred and recommended, and garden tourism is a practice that has grown in recent years (Paiva et al, 2020), the use of technologies can be an alternative in cases where contact in vivo with nature is not possible or recommended for various reasons, such as the current period of social isolation. These technologies use live recordings of nature, virtual tours in parks or botanical gardens, as well as virtual reality.…”

A Systematic Literature Review of Historic Garden Management and Its Economic Aspects

“…In this literature review: 41/50 studies are supply-oriented, 4/50 are demand-oriented, and 5/50 look at both supply and demand. The four studies focusing only on demand [34,[36][37][38], and the five considering both [16,19,[39][40][41] are particularly interested in the economic survival of historic gardens and understand that resources come from satisfied visitors in both public and private contexts. Rostami et al [36], Saeed et al [38] and Silva and Carvalho [34] use survey questionnaires in order to understand the profile, behavior and satisfaction of visitors.…”

“…Rostami et al [36], Saeed et al [38] and Silva and Carvalho [34] use survey questionnaires in order to understand the profile, behavior and satisfaction of visitors. As de Oliveira Paiva, de Brito Sousa and Carcaud [41] explain in their recent review, this form of inquiry is common in the field of Tourism and Leisure Studies when evaluating market segments and attractions [41]. Todt, Herder and Dabija [37] discuss the economic impact of heritage conservation by citing global tourism board statistics.…”

“…This category contains all but one of this literature review's demand-oriented studies, with Todt, Herder and Dabija [37] offering a discussion of the role of monument protection in tourism; Saeed et al [38] performing a case study of visitor satisfaction in three Moghul Gardens in Pakistan; Silva and Carvalho [34] profiling historic garden visitors in Portugal and comparing their data to similar studies performed in the United Kingdom. In addition, Gratani [40] and de Oliveira Paiva, de Brito Sousa and Carcaud [41] compare both supply and demand in the Rome Botanical Garden (Rome, Italy) and in the international garden tourism market, respectively.…”

“…It is also interesting to note that three of the literature review's five economic sustainability articles are from the tourist garden category. Todt et al [37] and de Oliveira Paiva, de Brita Sousa and Carcaud [41] examine the economic implications of historic garden tourism, and Meda and Rinaldi [17] analyze the particular funding and labor problems of Italian University Botanical Gardens.…”